as one of the most important products of iran, pistachio has a significant share in non-oil revenues. its annual foreign exchange earnings are over 800 million dollars. however, production of this nut in the country’s major production centers is faced with many problems regarding the efficiency and productivity of the inputs. this study was performed by using two-stage cluster sampling method. ...

Humidification-dehumidification desalination (HDD) systems offer a feasible approach for the production of fresh water in inaccessible areas as they can be operational using renewable energy and require little maintenance. Various studies are being carried out to boost system performance. In this paper, an open air HDD is proposed that exploits enhanced evaporation condensation processes by imp...

Poor pelleting ability of rice straw (RS) discourages its production and utilization as a biofuel. Woody biomass lignin are believed to improve the quality herbaceous agro-residual pellets. This study investigated influence length-to-diameter ratio (L/? = 6 10), pine sawdust (PS) (0, 20, 40 wt%) sodium lignosulfonate (SL) 10 20 on RS pellets produced via mini-pilot scale flat-die pellet mill. L...

Abstract The development of energy recovery device (ERD) is a decisive factor for the recent prevalence reverse osmosis (RO) technology in seawater desalination field. Unlike broadly studied large scale ERDs, investigations small ERDs are scarcely reported, especially on performance fluctuations under variable operating conditions. Based an authors’ exploratory research piston type integrated h...

Smart grid has integrated an increasing number of distributed energy resources to improve efficiency and flexibility of power generation and consumption as well as the resilience of the power grid. The energy consumers on the power grid (e.g., households) equipped with distributed energy resources can be considered as “microgrids” that both generate and consume electricity. To facilitate energy...

In isolated communities where potable water sources as well as energy grids are limited or nonexistent, treating brackish groundwater aquifers with small-scale desalination systems can be a viable alternative to existing water infrastructures. Given the unavailability of power in many such situations, renewable energy is an obvious solution to power such systems. However, renewable energy is an...