The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes there is an inverted U-shape relationship between pollution and income per capita, implying improvement in quality when a growing economy reaches high level of economic development. This study evaluated empirically the existence Greenland for period 1970–2018. Using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, results show evidence U-s...

Previous studies ignore the geospatial dynamics effects between renewable energy (RE) and CO2 while assessing such impacts in European countries. Further, most wrongfully use RE its aggregated format rather than decomposing by components. This is important as not all sources share same characteristics. We fill these gaps literature investigating of various forms on emissions 36 countries from 2...

issues related to environment are one of the most important issues the communities are facing with in the recent decades. on the other hand, the resource scarcity and the necessity of development for iran and other similar countries makes the issue of efficiency as a solution of the environmental crisis important. in this study, the effects of the variables energy intensity (as one of the most ...

Research on the valuation of environmental externalities shows that decision makers tend to discount not only over time but across space. Just as time discounting has implications for intergenerational equity,geographical or spatial discounting has implications for intragenerational equity. Similarly, just as positive time discount rates are warranted by positive net rates of growth of the capi...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper applies principal component analysis to investigate the linkages, or dominant co-fluctuation patterns, of per capita carbon dioxide emissions across countries for the time period 1950–2000. Energy resource world markets are investigated as an offsetting mechanism possibly coordinating emission fluctuations between countries. The results of the analysis provide e...

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and income per capita. In other words, as a country grows, it is assumed that its environmental quality improves. In this study, we aim to test the EKC hypothesis for 12 Middle East countries during the period 1990–2008 by employing recently developed panel ...

This paper examines the existence of relationship between international tourist arrivals (TA), and Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (CO2) in Turkey over period 1960-2015. We also use energy (EU) GDP (GDP) as a control variables. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach was applied to analyze long-run among results confirmed validity tourism-induced Environmental Kuznets...