JUNE 2008 B ioreactor technologies for mammalian cell culture may seem quite sophisticated (1). In fact, efficient mammalian cell culture is simple and requires just two major elements: mixing and oxygen (O2) transfer. Traditional methods for mixing use an impellor, and the classical O2 transfer method features a sparging stone that expels air bubbles to increase the O2 transfer surface area in...

The importance of the multiphase fluid dynamics for fouling mitigation in MBR systems has been widely acknowledged with air sparging having been applied commercially for about 20 years. However, the effects of air scouring are still not fully understood since the transient orthogonal and parallel flows as well as turbulent eddies created by bubbling generate complex hydrodynamic flow fields in ...

Extremely alkaline ground water has been found underneath many shuttered steel mills and slag dumps and has been an impediment to the cleanup and economic redevelopment of these sites because little is known about the geochemistry. A large number of these sites occur in the Lake Calumet region of Chicago, Illinois, where large-scale infilling of the wetlands with steel slag has created an aquif...

Among various efficient cell culture systems, the encapsulation of living cells within alginate-poly-llysine (PLL) membrane has received much attention as a means of improving the production of desirable cellular products. This method, which was successfully demonstrated by Lim and Moss in 1979, was primarily developed to transplant living cells without an in oivo rejection reaction (Lim and Su...

Textile wastewater (TW) contains toxic pollutants that pose both environmental and human health risks. Reportedly, some of these pollutants, including NO3?, NO2? reactive black 5 (RB-5) dye, can be removed via hydrogen-based denitrification (HD); however, it is still unclear how different factors affect their simultaneous removal. This study aimed to investigate the effect H2 flow rate, spargin...

The presence of chlorinated solvents polluting groundwater in urbanized areas poses a significant environmental issue. This paper details thoughtful approach to remediate tetrachloroethylene (PCE) plume district that is characterized by complex hydrological context with limited accessibility. Through geodatabase-driven and coupled hydrogeochemical approach, two distinct remediation technologies...