Introduction. In most high-throughput chemical synthesis processes, whether it be combinatorial or parallel synthesis, one is faced with the task of having to remove solvent from a large number of containers, such as glass tubes or vials. Removal of solvent by evaporation is a necessary step following various synthetic workup or chromatographic procedures. Solvent removal from a collection of c...

Lichen in the Mists of Time Flipping Across the Membrane Qubit Version of Fourier Transforms Coordinating Plant Defenses Marine Nitrogen Pools How Hydrogen Hung Around Out of Africa Revisited pH Makes the Switch Leprosy Migrations Tropical Degassing Round-the-Clock Metabolism The Maturing Repertoire of Canary Songs Cold Ocean Stratification Location and Molecular Manipulation Chaperones of the ...

Magma degassing processes are commonly elucidated by studies of melt inclusions in erupted phenocrysts and measurements of gas discharge at volcanic vents, allied to experimentally constrained models of volatile solubility. Here we develop an alternative experimental approach aimed at directly simulating decompression-driven, closed-system degassing of basaltic magma in equilibrium with an H^C^...

A parameterized model of mantle convection that includes the effects of volatile exchange between the mantle and the surface reservoir and the softening of the mantle by the dissolved volatiles is used to study the thermal history of the Earth. It is assumed that the activation energy for temperature-dependent solid-state creep is a linear function of weight percent of volatiles. The mantle deg...

Since the catastrophic releases of CO(2) in the 1980s, Lakes Nyos and Monoun in Cameroon experienced CO(2) recharge at alarming rates of up to 80 mol/m(2) per yr. Total gas pressures reached 8.3 and 15.6 bar in Monoun (2003) and Nyos (2001), respectively, resulting in gas saturation levels up to 97%. These natural hazards are distinguished by the potential for mitigation to prevent future disas...

BASALTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEGASSING OF WATER FROM MARTIAN MAGMAS. C. D. K. Herd, A. H. Treiman, G. A. McKay and C. K. Shearer, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, [email protected], Astromaterials Research Office, SR, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, Institute of Meteoritics, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico...

Introduction: Geomorphological observations of Mars surface and mineral detection, in particular hydrated sulphates, militate for the idea that liquid water have existed on Mars surface, even if physical conditions forbid its presence today. Beside the sul-phate formation which requires particular chemical conditions, clay minerals are of particular interest because they are the first by-produc...