Ecologic studies have reported that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is associated with cancer; however, little evidence is available from prospective studies. We aimed to assess the association between an objective measure of ambient UVR exposure and risk of total and site-specific cancer in a large, regionally diverse cohort [450,934 white, non-Hispanic subjects (50-71 years) in the...

Solar Urticaria (SU) is a rare, chronic inducible urticaria characterised by an itching or burning erythemal flare with without whealing, that can develop within minutes of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and/or visible light. It hypothesised unidentified endogenous photo-allergen may be the trigger, leading IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. However, evolution response and mechanism...

Aquatic organisms respond to environmental challenges such as thermal stress with the rapid induction of highly conserved polypeptides known as stress proteins or heat shock proteins (Hsps). Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) is an important environmental stressor in marine ecosystems. Here, we present results of experiments conducted with the marine copepod Acartia tonsa to follow t...

Many of the potential effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)—damage to materials, altered herbivory of insects and activity of microbes, modified growth of vegetation, and adverse or beneficial effects on human health—are modified by the presence of trees that influence UVR exposure to various degrees. Though tree effects on total solar irradiance have been investigated often by measurements an...

It is well established that solar UV radiation (UVR) suppresses cutaneous cell-mediated immunity in humans. trans-Urocanic acid (trans-UCA) is a major UVR-absorbing skin molecule that undergoes a photoisomerization to its cis-isomer following UVR exposure. Animal studies have demonstrated that cis-UCA plays a role in UVR-induced immune suppression, but the molecular mechanisms of action of cis-...

The skin commensal microbiota is regularly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight. Studies mice have demonstrated that the modulates inflammatory environment following UVR exposure. However, role of development UVR-induced inflammation (sunburn) has not been reported humans. We examined UVR-erythema dose-response human upper back (n=8, type I-III) presence and absence microbiota. On...

Skin cancers are one of the most common types cancer in United States [1], and melanoma has steadily increased over last 20 years. Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known as main cause damaging effects to skin [2], yet also preventable risk factor. Outdoor physical activity, an important health behavior, exposes body UVR thus ostensibly linked increases sunburn, melanoma, non-melanoma [3], [...

The concept of photocarcinogenesis is of fairly recent duration. Although cancer of the breast is described in the ancient Greek medical literature, skin cancer is not mentioned even as late as the 18th Century. This is most likely due to the poor survival of humans, 80% of people did not live past 40 years, and only 6% lived longer than 60 years. The first association of skin cancer (face and ...

There is considerable concern regarding the biological plausibility of the response of certain chemicals in the in vitro photoclastogenicity assay, suggesting that this assay is oversensitive and lacks specificity. To explore this further, four coded compounds (aminotriazole, propantheline bromide, cycloheximide and disulfoton) were evaluated for their potential response in a photoclastogenicit...

The effects that ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280 to 400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 to 700 nm) had on early life stages of Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus were studied to determine if differences in UVR tolerance could influence their recruitment success on the upper eulittoral shores of Helgoland (North Sea). Photosynthesis, germination capacity, DNA damage...