Estimation method of aerosol parameter by means of solar direct and diffuse irradiance measurements with the proposed instrument of fiber-ball radiometer without sun tracking mechanics is proposed. Sky-radiometer and aureolemeter is well known instrument which allows measurements of solar direct and diffuse irradiance for estimation of aerosol parameter. The proposed fiber-ball radiometer also ...

[1] Despite the extensive use of Be as the most significant information source on past solar activity, there has been only one record (Dye-3, Greenland) providing annual resolution over several centuries. Here we report a new annual resolution Be record spanning the period 1389–1994 AD, measured in an ice core from the NGRIP site in Greenland. NGRIP and Dye-3 Be exhibits similar long-term varia...

Due to their high relative cost, solar electric energy systems have yet to be exploited on a widespread basis. It is believed in the energy community that a technology similar to photovoltaic (PV), but offered at about $1/W would lead to widespread deployment at residential and commercial sites. This paper addresses the investigation and feasibility study of a low-cost solar thermal electricity...

abstract: there is always a need to increase a distillate output of solar still. if plates will be used inside solar still then distillate output of solar still are expected to increase. hence, an experimental study is conducted to improve distillate output of basin solar stills by increasing the effective surface area with the help of different plates. for the purpose of experiment, three sola...

Abstract Tilt angle optimization of the solar collector is essential to achieve maximum power output. In this study, performance analysis monthly and yearly optimum tilt angles has been carried out for plant setup-able sites in Western Himalayan region India. A mathematic model used assessment. Annual average enhancement 10–11%, 5–7% 4–6% from horizontal, tilted at latitude an angle, respective...

Solar flare events of high importance were utilised to study solar latitudinal frequency distribution of the solar flares in northern and southern hemisphere for the solar cycle 22 to recent solar cycle 23. A statistical analysis was performed to obtain their relationship with sudden storm commencement (SSCs) and Forbush decrease events (Fd) of cosmic ray intensity. An 11-year cyclic variation ...

[1] A 94-year time series of annual glacier melt at four high elevation sites in the European Alps is used to investigate the effect of global dimming and brightening of solar radiation on glacier mass balance. Snow and ice melt was stronger in the 1940s than in recent years, in spite of significantly higher air temperatures in the present decade. An inner Alpine radiation record shows that in ...

Human-made objects (e.g., buildings with glass surfaces) can reflect horizontally polarized light so strongly that they appear to aquatic insects to be bodies of water. Insects that lay eggs in water are especially attracted to such structures because these insects use horizontal polarization of light off bodies of water to find egg-laying sites. Thus, these sources of polarized light can becom...

Usually, ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) variation with time can be viewed as a stationary random process under quiet conditions. However, sudden events of the Sun and the Earth such as solar flare and sudden commencement of geomagnetic storms may induce the disturbances of the ionosphere, so that the stationary random process is broken; the statistical model parameters change much. Ba...

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar materials, being low-cost and high-performance, are promising for large-scale deployment of the photovoltaic technology. A key challenge that remains to be addressed is the toxicity of these materials since the high-efficiency solar cells are made of lead-containing materials, in particular, CH3NH3PbI3. Here, based on first-principles calculation, we se...