Kinetics of sol-gel formation were studied using the recently developed near-infrared (NIR) multispectral imaging instrument. This imaging spectrometer possesses all the advantages of conventional spectrometers. It also has additional features that NIR spectrometers cannot offer, namely, its ability to provide kinetic information at different positions within a sample. The high spatial resoluti...

While medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) are considered synergists, they are anatomically exclusive in that SOL crosses only the ankle, while MG crosses both the knee and ankle. Due to the force-length properties of both active and passive structures, activation of SOL and MG must be constantly regulated to provide the required joint torques for any planned movement. As such, the aim of...

We show which Thurston-geometries in dimensions 3 and 4 admit invariant conformally flat or half-conformally flat metrics. 1. Threeand four-dimensional geometries A geometry in the sense of Thurston is a pair (X, G) where X is a simply connected smooth manifold on which the connected Lie group G acts smoothly in a transitive fashion such that the following hold: (1) the stabilizer of a point is...

Silica sol nano-abrasives with large particle are prepared and characterized by TEM, PCS and Zeta potential in this paper. Results show that the silica sol nano-abrasives about 100nm are of higher stability (Zeta potential: -65mV) and narrow distribution of particle size. And then alkali CMP slurries for tungsten containing self-made silica sol nanoabrasives are prepared and applied. CMP result...

We studied force-sharing behavior between the cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles by direct measurement of the muscle forces and electromyographic activities (EMGs), muscle lengths, speeds of contraction, joint kinematics and kinetics, for a variety of locomotor conditions. Previous studies suggested that the modulation of MG force and activation is associated with movement d...

Understanding the key processes occurring in the tokamak scrape-off layer (SOL) is becoming of the outmost importance while we enter the ITER era and we move towards the conception of future fusion reactors. By controlling the heat exhaust, by playing an important role in determining the overall plasma confinement, and by regulating the impurity level in tokamak core, the dynamics of the fusion...

PURPOSE Skeletal muscle wasting is well documented in chronic heart failure (CHF). This article provides a more detailed understanding of the morphology behind this muscle wasting and the relation between muscle morphology, strength, and exercise capacity in CHF. We investigated the effect of CHF on lower limb lean mass, detailed muscle-tendon architecture of the individual triceps surae muscle...