Abstract The grounding resistance value is directly proportional to soil resistivity. better as low possible for the equipment body grounding. purpose provide a path of short circuit current flows ground protection and safety personal also equipment. resistivity great influenced by moisture substance content in soil. highland rocky commonly are poor Transmission line towers can be not avoided t...

The root growth of trees close to buildings can cause directly or indirectly structural damages and the necessity arises of diagnostic tools to follow their time-spatial behaviour. In this framework, sensing techniques as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) are of relevant interest since they allow in principle the detection and identification of roots in ...

This paper introduces a comparative theoretical investigation of the conventional cathodic protection (CP) and the pulse cathodic protection (PCP) systems to show how both of them behave under different operating conditions. The effectiveness of the PCP system has been analyzed in the light of getting better protection-current distribution along the protected well casing at reduced anode curren...

For the analysis of soil resistivity results and measurement, engineers have guidelines instructions from various international standards at their disposal. The circumstances under which mathematical expressions in these were obtained are not always clear. One such case is described this article refers to IEEE Standard 81-1983, an expression for apparent resistivity, a theoretical model predict...

a Laboratoire d’Étude et Modélisation des Environnements Littoraux (Lemel), Université de Bretagne Sud, Centre Yves Coppens, Campus de Tohannic, F-56000, Vannes. b Laboratoire de Statistiques Appliquées de BREtagne Sud (Sabres), Université de Bretagne Sud, Centre Yves Coppens, Campus de Tohannic, F-56000, Vannes. c Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications des Mathématiques (LMAM) , Universi...

Geophysical site characterization investigations at fuel spill sites have been generally guided by a working hypothesis Ž . which assumes that the light non-aqueous phase liquids LNAPL are a fully saturating phase of intrinsically very high electrical resistivity. Using observations from other related sciences, and contrary geophysical observations, a different model is developed which treats t...

Delineating hydrologic and pedogenic factors influencing groundwater flow in riparian zones is central in understanding pathways of water and nutrient transport. In this study, we combined two-dimensional time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) (depth of investigation approximately 2 m) with hydrometric monitoring to examine hydrological processes in the riparian area of FD-36, a small ...

Capacitance and resistivity sensors can be used to continuously monitor soil volumetric water content (θ) and pore-water electrical conductivity (EC(p)) with non-destructive methods. However, dielectric readings of capacitance sensors operating at low frequencies are normally biased by high soil electrical conductivity. A procedure to calibrate capacitance-resistance probes in saline conditions...

Based on the National Bureau of Standards [presently called The National Institute of Standards and Technology or “NIST”] statistical data on corrosion of steel, an equation is introduced to estimate the corrosion rate of underground steel. The variables include the major soil characteristics (parameters), namely: resistivity, pH value, moisture content and aeration. This formula, together with...