in practice, foundations are settled on the soft layers of soil, so the ground must be designed as well as the structure. wave propagation and hysteresis damping of soil layers may alter the seismic response of flexible-base design in comparison to controversial fixed-base. lots of uncertainties about this issue, necessitate most of seismic design standards including iranian standard no. 2800 t...

During dredging activities, a large amount of dredged clay slurry or lump is produced. A dumping site composed soft near the water body often used to deposit fill. Soil-cement columns are commonly employed treat ground for this application. Under fill, failure dominates behaviour composite ground. Hence, soil-cement slab needed form load transfer platform above columns, which costly. As an alte...

Though much research has been conducted regarding traction of tires in soft granular terrain, little empirical data exist on the motion of soil particles beneath a tire. A novel experimentation and analysis technique has been developed to enable detailed investigation of robot interactions with granular soil. This technique, the Shear Interface Imaging Analysis method, provides visualization an...

This paper examines the possible use of a bio-cementation process to reduce excessive bulging that occurs during loading granular columns in soft clays. A 12-phase percolation bio-chemical treatment technique was used bio-cement part targeting upper section, where usually occurs. Upon application unit cell surface loads up 350 kPa, placement bio-cemented column substantially reduced vertical st...