This experiment compared the effects of sand and straw bedding in free stalls on resting time, cleanliness, hock injuries, and hoof health of dairy cows and tested whether cow preferences for a bedding material depended on the familiarity with the material. A total of 52 dairy cows were kept either on straw bedded concrete stalls or sand stalls for at least 21 wk. The lying behavior was observe...

in this work, we define fuzzy soft ($fs$) matrices and theiroperations which are more functional to make theoretical studies inthe $fs$-set theory. we then define products of $fs$-matrices andstudy their properties. we finally construct a $fs$-$max$-$min$decision making method which can be successfully applied to theproblems that contain uncertainties.

compared to quartz sand, the shear behavior of carbonate sand differs in  appearance, origin, and kind. carbonate sand is found mainly in the northern coast of the persian gulf and the oman sea. in this research, a comparison is made between the shear behavior of carbonate sand retrieved from the eastern region of the chabahar port, located north of the oman sea, and quartz sand obtained from f...

We compare the deformation patterns produced by sand and a sand mica mixture (14:1 ratio of sand to mica by weight) while simulating basin fill in extension and inversion models to analyze the potential of the sand mica mixture for applications that require a strong elasto-frictional plastic analogue material in physical models. Sand and the sand mica mixture have nearly equal angles of interna...

There are several types of firing tests of cannonballs. In ground firing tests, cannonballs without gunpowder charged are fired against sand heap. When a cannonball collides into sand, the cannonball’s penetration depth, stress and sand temperature depend on the sand properties. Sand tends to become harder than before after plenty of cannonball firing. This is because kinetic energy of a cannon...

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle pre-activation and short-latency responses the lower limbs during drop jumps performed on different common soft hard surfaces at various platform heights. aimed collect electromyography data from rectus femoris, biceps tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus dominant leg sand, turf, polyurethane, wood heights 30, 40, 50, 60 cm. Muscle ...

an object $x$ of a category $mathbf{c}$ with finite limits is called exponentiable if the functor $-times x:mathbf{c}rightarrow mathbf{c}$ has a right adjoint. there are many characterizations of the exponentiable  spaces in the category $mathbf{top}$ of topological spaces. here, we study the exponentiable objects in the category $mathbf{stop}$ of soft topological spaces which is a generalizati...

The study of the strength reconstituted and stabilised soft soils is very important in geotechnical engineering. soil particles, such as clay, sand, silt play roles determining behaviour soils. clay sand particles are unique; however, lie a transitional form between clay. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate (a) effect contents on soils; (b) content cement-stabilised (c) microstructure sp...

Butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR) is an elastomer composed of 75% butadiene and 25% styrene widely used in the automotive industry tire production. This can be produced from two polymerization processes: emulsion or solution polymerization. paper presents mechanical behavior a polymer reinforced sand compared to pure sand. Direct shear tests were performed on specimens with addition modified bu...

An algorithm for simulating wind-ripples and moving sand is extended by the detection of fixed objects. This permits us simulation and animation of sand interacting with objects like houses, highways, cactuses, etc. Sand is accumulated on the windward side of an obstacle and the sand relocation and wind-ripples formation is diminished on the leeward side. The wind shadow depends on the object’s...