Researchers and practitioners are dealing intensively with the real option valuation. One of generalised types is reversible multi-mode American options. These options solved mainly by applying stochastic discrete binomial models. Uncertainty a typical feature valuation, two basic representation distinguished: risk (stochastic) imprecision (fuzzy). The fuzzy-stochastic models indicate modelling...

Type-II multiferroics, where spin interactions induce a ferroelectric polarization, are interesting for new device functionalities due to large magnetoelectric coupling. We report on type of multiferroicity in the quadruple-perovskite BiMn3Cr4O12, an antiferromagnetic phase is induced by structural change at transition. The displacive nature transition 125 K, with crossover order-disorder mecha...

Abstract GeTe that exhibits a strong anharmonicity and ferroelectric phase transition between the rhombohedral cubic structures has emerged as one of leading thermoelectric materials. Herein, combining molecular dynamics simulations inelastic neutron scattering measurements, lattice in have been investigated to reveal soft-mode mechanisms across transition. We constructed first-principles-based...

The elastic response of a smectic-C elastomer to three deformations, namely imposed lambda(xx), lambda(xz), and lambda(zz), has been modeled using a nonlinear theory of a nematic elastomer with embedded smectic layers, and with the director tilt (in the x direction) at a fixed angle with respect to the smectic layer normal (z direction). The main focus is the elastic response after any soft mod...