Background: Computational modeling of physiology has become a routine element in the development, evaluation, and safety testing many types medical devices. Members Food Drug Administration have recently published manuscript detailing validation, sensitivity computational model for blood volume, cardiac stroke pressure, noting that such might be useful development closed-loop fluid administrati...

Many vasoactive agents stimulate release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). EDRF stimulates cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in a manner similar to that produced by sodium nitroprusside. Endothelium and vascular smooth muscle were isolated from porcine, bovine, and rat thoracic aorta. The capacity of sodium nitropru...

It has previously been demonstrated that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes prolonged pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity (D.P. Nyhan, J.M. Redmond, A.M. Gillinov, K. Nishiwaki, and P.A. Murray. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 1584-1590, 1994). This study investigated the effects of CPB on endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine and bradykinin) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) pulmonary va...

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to the pig kidney in vivo to determine the metabolic effects of infusion of sodium nitroprusside, and of more severe hypotension produced by venesection or halothane. Sodium nitroprusside 7-20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 reduced mean systemic arterial pressure (AP) of the pig from 89 to 46 mm Hg. Glomerular filtration rate and total sodium rea...

IMPORTANCE The treatment of schizophrenia remains a challenge, and the currently available antipsychotic drugs are slow acting and produce a number of adverse effects. OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness and safety of a single intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside (0.5 μg/kg/min for 4 hours) on the positive, negative, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in patients with schizophr...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of angiotensin II in the absence of baroreflex activation. DESIGN Ten healthy male volunteers were studied in a single blind, randomised, crossover study of heart rate variability during intravenous angiotensin II infusion (5-20 ng/kg/min) compared with a control pressor infusion of phenylephrine (0.7-2.8 micrograms/kg/min). Each infusion was titrated to i...