Background Pyrolysis has attracted growing interest as a versatile means to convert biomass into valuable products. Wheat straw has been considered to be a promising biomass resource due to its low price and easy availability. However, most of the products obtained from wheat straw pyrolysis are usually of low quality. Hot soda extraction has the advantage of selective dissolution of lignin whi...

OBJECTIVE An earlier clinical study demonstrated that brushing with a commercial Arm & Hammer dentifrice containing baking soda physically removed significantly more plaque than brushing with either of two commercial dentifrices which did not contain baking soda. However, little has been done to confirm these results and to compare baking soda-containing dentifrices with more recently commercia...

A fourth-generation Ziegler-Natta catalyst was prepared to synthesize polypropylene (PP), which was stabilized by in situpolymerization employing lignin as antioxidant. The antioxidant properties of lignin were compared with those of the commercial antioxidant Irganox 1010. The presence of lignin in the reaction medium slightly decreased the catalytic activity of the reaction. The isotacticity ...

BACKGROUND This study explores sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) availability in US secondary school competitive venues during the first 3 years following the school wellness policy requirement (2007-2009). Furthermore, analyses examine associations with school policy and SSB availability. METHODS Analyses use questionnaire data from 757 middle and 762 high schools in the nationally representati...

Sodium carbonate (commonly called as soda ash or washing soda) is the primary product of the chemical industry since the year one. It was used in antiquity for the manufacture of soap and glass, using the mineral appears in some lakes of Africa, Asia and North America being a natural soda, so-called trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O). In Europe, the most important was the soda ash produced in Spain, No...

This study identified factors that influence regular soda consumption among 707 female students, aged 13-18 years, attending North Los Angeles County public high schools. Participants completed a group-administered Theory of Planned Behavior-based questionnaire. Almost all of the participants, 96.3%, reported that they currently drink soda; 50.1% reported drinking 2 glasses of soda or more per ...

BACKGROUND The frequency of soda consumption remains high in the United States. Soda consumption has been associated with poor bone health in children, but few studies have examined this relation in adults, and to our knowledge, no study has examined the relation of soda consumption with risk of hip fractures. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of soda, including specific types of soda, an...

Sarah A. Roache and Lawrence O. Gostin’s recent editorial comprehensively presents soda taxation rationales from a public health perspective. While we essentially agree that soda taxes are gaining momentum, this commentary expands upon the need for a better understanding of the policy processes underlying their development and implementation. Indeed, the umbrella concept of soda taxation actual...

Globally, soda taxes are gaining momentum as powerful interventions to discourage sugar consumption and thereby reduce the growing burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence from early adopters including Mexico and Berkeley, California, confirms that soda taxes can disincentivize consumption through price increases and raise revenue to support government programs. The Unit...

The Fur titration assay (FURTA) recently developed by I. Stojiljkovic and coworkers (J. Mol. Biol. 236:531-545, 1994) was applied to clone iron-regulated genes of Bordetella pertussis. After sequence analysis, one of the clones obtained by this selection procedure was shown to contain an open reading frame with significant sequence similarities to Mn-containing superoxide dismutases (SodA). The...