Absolute difference in frequencies This measure can be calculated as the difference between the observed frequency of the health event in each category of the socioeconomic variable and the reference category, based on data in simple contingency tables, or by using the estimated frequency based on log-linear regression models. As is the case with frequency ratios, when we obtain a single estima...

Absolute difference in frequencies This measure can be calculated as the difference between the observed frequency of the health event in each category of the socioeconomic variable and the reference category, based on data in simple contingency tables, or by using the estimated frequency based on log-linear regression models. As is the case with frequency ratios, when we obtain a single estima...

background: one of the main challenges of healthcare systems of developing countries is health inequality. health inequality means inequality in individuals’ ability and proper functioning, resulting in inequality in social status and living conditions, which thwarts social interventions implemented by the government. objectives: this study aimed to determine and prioritize the social determina...

BACKGROUND Previous studies about inequality in children's health focused more on physical health than the neurodevelopment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inequality in early childhood neurodevelopment in poor rural China and explore the contributions of socioeconomic factors to the inequality. METHOD Information of 2120 children aged 0 to 35 months and their households in six poor ...

Introduction: Based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. In this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in Balb/C mice. Methods: The present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food depriva...

BACKGROUND Globally people are living longer and enduring non-communicable diseases (NCDs) many of which co-occur as multimorbidity. Demographic and socioeconomic factors are determinants of inequalities and inequities in health. There is a need for country-specific evidence of NCD inequalities in developing countries where populations are ageing rapidly amid economic and social change. The stu...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality have been documented in several European countries, but it is unknown whether the magnitude of these inequalities differs between countries and whether these inequalities increase or decrease over time. METHODS AND FINDINGS We collected and harmonized data on mortality from four alcohol-related causes (alcoholic psychosis, dep...

OBJECTIVE Depression is the second most common mental disorder in older adults (OA) worldwide. The ways in which depression is influenced by the social determinants of health - specifically, by socioeconomic deprivation, income inequality and social capital - have been analyzed with only partially conclusive results thus far. The objective of our study was to estimate the association of income ...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequality in health has been a major concern in public health. This study examined socioeconomic inequality in regional mortality and the impact on inequality by cause of deaths in 1973-1977 and 1993-1998 using municipal statistics in Japan. METHODS The municipalities across the country (N = 3244 in 1973-1977 and 3334 in 1993-1998) were classified into quintiles acco...