One hypothesis explaining extra-pair reproduction is that socially monogamous females mate with extra-pair males to adjust the coefficient of inbreeding (f) of extra-pair offspring (EPO) relative to that of within-pair offspring (WPO) they would produce with their socially paired male. Such adjustment of offspring f requires non-random extra-pair reproduction with respect to relatedness, which ...

Theoretical and empirical studies suggest that the age of first reproduction (the age at which reproduction begins) can have a substantial influence on population dynamics and individual fitness. Using complete survival and reproductive histories of 428 female yellowbellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) from a 40-year study (1962-2001), we investigated causes and fitness consequences of delaye...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between cultural capital and social alienation. According to Pierre Bourdieu’s Standpoint, cultural capital involves habitus, rhetoric styles, different forms of knowledge and tastes. According to Bourdieu, the individuals who are in high economic and social hierarchical level have different patterns, habitus and type of cultural goods...

regarding extensive domain of islamic teachings including all aspects of human life following as individual, social, spiritual, physical and material issues and noting close relations of the humanities with this dimensions, a deep bond between islam and the humanities including management and education is revealed. to attain an islamic understanding of relationship between the dimensions of the...

It is commonly assumed that the desire for a thin female physique and its pathological expression in eating disorders result from a social pressure for thinness. However, such widespread behavior may be better understood not merely as the result of arbitrary social pressure, but as an exaggerated expression of behavior that may have once been adaptive. The reproductive suppression hypothesis su...

This paper is a response to the question ``can radical geography also be postmodern?'' It is argued that the answer to this question is ``yes'' and that this is so because of the contingent, socially constructed nature of the social relations through which the universal but geographically differentiated practices of social reproduction take place. The possibility of radical impulses within post...

The paper studies the role of class of origin in the occupational outcomes of ethnic minorities and British natives in the UK. Two main hypotheses are tested. The first states that the class of origin helps explaining differences in occupational outcomes between ethnic minorities and natives (due to a higher concentration of low parental classes among the former). The second says that social re...

Animals are presented with continuous energy demands that vary seasonally. For example, during the winter many small mammals and birds inhibit reproduction and growth and funnel energy into thermogenesis or cellular maintenance. As energy shortages become more severe, survival may become compromised because processes such as immune function and thermogenesis are impaired. Thus, there are trade-...