Using a case study of representations of communism in Romania, the paper offers a sketch of a critical-interpretive approach for exploring and engaging with the social memory of communism. When one considers the various contemporary appraisals, responses to and positions towards the communist period one identifies and one is obliged to deal with a series of personal and collective moral/politic...

Arthasastra is a Sanskrit text that deals with the Indian Polity and Hindu Social Laws. There are hundreds of laws made by this tradition which also relevant even to these days. The Kautilya – written at turn 5th 3rd century BC classical work political theory International relations as well. theoretical normative features six pivotal idea clusters 1) State power, 2) Raison defeat, 3) Correlatio...

It has long been a central tenant of Tokugawa history that samurai fiefs "effectively" became defunct during the 17th century. This typically is understood (in the English-language literature) as reflecting a tightening of "central control" over divisive tendencies throughout the Tokugawa polity and an important step in achieving political stability. While it is undeniable that samurai fiefs un...