Voluntary health insurance schemes help those who are not included in social health insurance (1). These are divided into supplementary and selfemployed insurance. Generally, the supplementary health insurance provides health facilities in nongovernmental sectors for the insured, fills the gap in services and commitments of basic health insurance, (2) makes the room for innovation, diversity an...

In recent years, with the implementation of the tax rate increases and ad hoc earnings base increases included in the 1977 Amendments to the Social Security Act, many observers have noted that social security taxes (for the old-age and survivors insurance (OASI), disability insurance (DI), and hospital insurance (HI) programs combined) now exceed Federal income taxes for many families. The ques...

Objective: The substantial level of out-of-pocket expenditure for health care by the population causes policy makers to draw particular attention to the proposal of a social health insurance for uninsured members of the community. Hence, it is essential to gather reliable information about the amount of Willingness To Pay (WTP) for health insurance. We assessed the WTP for health insurance in I...

This is the latest in a series of reports of the same title that have been published intermittently since the early 1960’s. The term social security is popularly used in the United States to refer to the basic national social insurance program-old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance. The term is used here in a broader sense to describe all types of social insurance, social assistan...

The 15 years since the old-age and survivors insurance system began operations have demonstrated that social insurance can be successfully applied to meet American needs for protection against the economic risks of death and old-age retirement in modern life. Belief by Congress in the soundness of social insurance was strikingly reaffirmed in the enactment, by nearly unanimous vote, of the 1950...

A variety of financial and non-financial incentives has resulted in a considerable degree of adverse selection against social health insurance in Germany. Enrollees in private health insurance are healthier, have higher incomes and have fewer dependents than enrollees in social health insurance. Adverse selection decreases average premium income and at the same time increases average healthcare...

AIMS To analyse inequalities by social class in children's access to and utilisation of health services in Catalonia (Spain), private health insurance coverage, and certain aspects of the quality of care received. DESIGN Cross sectional study using data from the 1994 Catalan Health Interview Survey. SETTING Child population of Catalonia. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of non-institu...

The number of people in Australia that are currently covered by a hospital private health insurance product continues to rise every quarter. In September 2010, for the first time since the introduction of the public universal social insurance scheme, Medicare, more than 10million persons in Australia are covered by private health insurance. Although the number of persons covered by private heal...

.T HE Social Security Act in 1935 established a dual program of protection against old-age dependency-old-age benefits, a contributory social insurance system covering primarily industrial and commercial workers; and old-age assistance, a program administered by the States (but partly financed by the Federal Government) to give financial assistance to aged persons who were in need. Under both p...

BACKGROUND Incorporating private healthcare providers into social health insurance schemes is an important means towards achieving universal health coverage in low and middle income countries. However, little research has been conducted about why private providers choose to participate in social health insurance systems in such contexts, or their experiences with these systems. We explored priv...