We have studied the evolution of the T1 triplet excited state in an extensive series of phenylene ethynylene polymers and monomers with platinum atoms in the polymer backbone and in an analogous series of all-organic polymers with the platinum~II! tributylphosphonium complex replaced by phenylene. The inclusion of platinum increases spin–orbit coupling so T1 state emission ~phosphorescence! is ...

where U = {1, 2, . . . , n}. Example. Suppose we ask how many integers less than 120 are relatively prime to it. Since 120 has prime factors 2, 3, and 5, any number that is relatively prime to it is not a multiple of any of these. We can solve this using the Inclusion-Exclusion Principle as follows. Let A = {1, 2, . . . , 120}, the set of integers from 1 to 120. Let S1 be the multiples of 2 in ...

The basis for our score is a feature vector corresponding to a given input. In our case, the input is a sequence to be classified, and the features are going to be the output of certain tools (see workflow in Figure 1) we feed with the input sequence. In the following, we describe the two distinct steps necessary for the computation: as a prerequisite, we first establish distributions from our ...

Table B: One-tailed p-values for F̂ST based on WGS data. †With the exception of the compairison between MKK and MLA in 2014, all p-values are Monte Carlo estimates based on 1000 random permutations as described in Table A. The p-value for MKK and MLA in 2014 is exact, since there were fewer than 1000 possible permutations given nMKK = 4 parasite samples from MKK, and nMLA = 8 parasite samples fr...

n k − is the rate of constitutive degradation of lateral signaling. Lateral signaling is mediated by complexes of LIN-12-cyto with LAG-1 transcription factor. Silencing of lateral signaling occurs due to proteosomal degradation of LIN-12-cyto [1]. The mean half-life of proteins susceptible to proteolysis has been measured to be approximately 43 minutes [2]. Therefore, the reference value of par...

The group Sn, n ≥ 1, is usually defined as the group of all permutations of the set Xn = {1, 2, . . . , n}. So, an element s ∈ Sn is a bijection (i.e., one-to-one map) from Xn to Xn : k 7→ s(k). The composition of two such map is denoted by s1 ◦ s2 : k 7→ s1 ( s2(k) ) . It is convenient to depict the permutation s as follows. Take two copy of Xn represented as column vectors and draw a system o...