BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There are many difficulties in generating and testing orofacial pain in animal models. Thus, only a few and limited models that mimic the human condition are available. The aim of the present research was to develop a new model of trigeminal pain by using a spared nerve injury (SNI) surgical approach in the rat face (SNI-face). METHODS Under anaesthesia, a small incisi...

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition for which the development of effective treatments has been limited by an incomplete understanding of its molecular basis. The cationic current Ih mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels plays an important role in pain by facilitating ectopic firing and hyperexcitability in DRG neurons, however little is known re...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Signal-to-noise index (SNI) Charcoal analysis Fire history Lake sediment Paleoecology Charcoal peaks in lake-sediment records are commonly used to reconstruct fire histories spanning thousands of years, but quantitative methods for evaluating the suitability of records for peak detection are largely lacking. We present a signal-to-noise index (SNI) that quantifie...

Eavesdropping is becoming rampant on the Internet We as CERT IT have recorded a great number of sni ng attacks in the Italian community In fact sni ng is the most popular hacker s attack technique all over the Internet This paper presents a secure telnet implementation which has been designed by the Italian CERT to make eavesdropping ine ective to remote terminal sessions It is not to be consid...

Pain and depression are frequently co-existent in clinical practice, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely to be determined. Microglia activation and subsequent pro-inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the development of neuropathic pain and depression. The process of microglia polarization to the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes often occurs during neuroin...

Peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptorgamma(PPARg) is emergingasanewpharmacotherapeutic target for chronic pain.When oral (3e30mg/kg/day in chow for 7 wk) or twice-daily intraperitoneal (1e10mg/kg/ day for 2 wk) administration began before spared nerve injury (SNI), pioglitazone, a PPARg agonist, dosedependently prevented multiple behavioral signs of somatosensory hypersensitivity. The highe...

Objective(s): The purpose of this study is to investigate the indication function of the calcium circulation-related factors on the damage to muscle strength and contraction function after nerve injury. The target factors include ryanodine receptor (RyR), inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), phospholamban (PLN), cryptocalcitonin (CASQ), ATPase and troponin C (T...

The spared nerve injury (SNI) model of peripheral neuropathy produces a robust and long-lasting hypersensitivity. Previous behavioural studies suggest that brainstem-spinal pathways originating in or relaying through the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) contribute to neuropathic hypersensitivity. We determined whether SNI induces changes in response properties of RVM neurons that might influenc...

AIM To compare the efficacy of the XP-endo finisher file (XP) (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland) to that of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional syringe and needle irrigation (SNI) in the removal of calcium hydroxide paste from an artificial standardized groove in the apical third of root canals. METHODOLOGY The root canals of 68 mandibular incisors with single ova...