in recent years, the trend in solving optimization problems has been directed toward using heuristic algorithms such as neural networks, genetic and ant colony algorithms. the main reason for this trend can be attributed to the fact that these algorithms can be efficiently adjusted to the specific search space to which they are applied and consequently they can be used for many optimization pro...

The mechanisms that allow Streptococcus pyogenes to survive and persist in the human host, often in spite of antibiotic therapy, remain poorly characterized. Therefore, the determination of culture conditions for long-term studies is crucial to advancement in this field. Stationary cultures of S. pyogenes strain NZ131 and its spontaneous small-colony variant OK171 were found to survive in rich ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cell wall active antibiotics on virulence gene expression and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus Newman and in laboratory strains. METHODS Promoter regions of spa, lukE and agr RNAIII were cloned upstream of a modified luxABCDE reporter. Using disc diffusion assays, the effects of antibiotics were observed on gene...