IEEE 802.11n standard has introduced the new schemes in MAC and HT-PHY layers to improve network throughput. The new schemes in MAC layer are A-MSDU, A-MPDU and Block ACK. In the HT-PHY layer there are MIMO transmission using up to 4 spatial streams, 40 MHz bandwidth channel and 400 ns guard interval. In this paper, we proposed an analytical model that can be used to estimates the throughput of...

This paper introduces a new acoustic modeling method called Gaussian Dynamic Warping (GDW). It is targeting real world applications such as voice-based entrance door security systems, the example presented in this paper. The proposed approach uses a hierarchical statistical framework with three levels of specialization for the acoustic modeling. The highest level of specialization is in additio...

[1] We study, by using a wavelet decomposition methodology, the solar signature on global surface temperature data using the ACRIM total solar irradiance satellite composite by Willson and Mordvinov. These data present a +0.047%/decade trend between minima during solar cycles 21–23 (1980–2002). We estimate that the ACRIM upward trend might have minimally contributed 10–30% of the global surface...

We compare total solar irradiance (TSI) and ultraviolet (Fuv) irradiance variation reconstructed using Ca K facular areas since 1915, with previous values based on less direct proxies. Our annual means for 1925 – 1945 reach values 30 – 50 % higher than those presently used in IPCC climate studies. A high facula/sunspot area ratio in spot cycles 16 and 17 seems to be responsible. New evidence fr...

SIFS DIFS PIFS DIFS + n t i SLOT DIFS + n t max SLOT

In the last two decades, an increasing interest has been observed in the development of effective bilateral teleoperation systems. One of the biggest challenges encountered however is the presence of time delay, which can cause instability and poor transparency to the system. Researchers have been trying to tackle this problem from different angles and various control schemes have been proposed...

This application note describes guidelines for implementing dual unbuffered DIMM DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM interfaces. This application note discusses the impact on signal integrity of the data signal with the following conditions in a dual-DIMM configuration: ■ Populating just one slot versus populating both slots ■ Populating slot 1 versus slot 2 when only one DIMM is used ■ On-die termination (ODT...

We present a systematical comparative research on the modulation performance and optimization of multi-slot waveguide modulator at telecom wavelength 1.55 μm. It is found that existence epsilon-near-zero indium tin oxide slots in modulators can enhance optical confinement, thus yielding high extinction ratio (ER) low insertion loss. Among designed four types slot modulators, single-slot exhibit...

A computational study is conducted to explore the effect of synthetic jet orientation on boundary layer separation control. A six-to-one aspect-ratio rectangular slot is chosen in the current study and streamwise and spanwise orientations of this slot are analyzed. In the first part of this study, the interaction of the jet with an attached laminar boundary layer for both slot configurations is...