OBJECTIVE To objectively record sleep patterns in intensive care unit patients using the Bispectral Index as an electroencephalographic measure of sleep and to determine if the sleep pattern is correlated with various clinical factors. METHODS Adult intensive care patients were recruited who were in the recovery phase of their illness and on minimal sedation. The sleep pattern was examined us...

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Information on the correlation of normative reproductive hormone levels with physical development (Tanner stages) during puberty and on the influences of genes and environment on variation in these hormones and Tanner stages is limited. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred twelve healthy 9-year-old twin pairs (n = 224) took part in a longitudinal study, of which...

Plasma thyrotropin (TSH) levels have been previously shown to be associated with the internal sleep structure determined by conventional scoring of sleep stages. This temporal relationship was re-evaluated using spectral analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Eight healthy male subjects underwent two randomized night studies after having received either placebo or 5 mg ritanserin, a ...

We seek general principles of the structure of the cellular collective activity associated with conscious awareness. Can we obtain evidence for features of the optimal brain organization that allows for adequate processing of stimuli and that may guide the emergence of cognition and consciousness? Analyzing brain recordings in conscious and unconscious states, we followed initially the classic ...

Sleep stages pattern provides important clues in diagnosing the presence of sleep disorder. By analyzing sleep stages pattern and extracting its features from EEG, EOG, and EMG signals, we can classify sleep stages. This study presents a novel classification model for predicting sleep stages with a high accuracy. The main idea is to combine the generative capability of Deep Belief Network (DBN)...

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the energy cost of swimming, body composition, and technical parameters on swimming performance in young swimmers. Twenty-nine swimmers, 15 prepubertal (11.9 +/- 0.3 years; Tanner Stages 1-2) and 14 pubertal (14.3 +/- 1.4 years; Tanner Stages 3-4) boys participated in the study. The energy cost of swimming (Cs) and stroking parameters we...

The comparative effects of sleep patterns and rates of cyclic alternating patterns (CAP rate) in a high quality innerspring mattress were compared to those on a unique foam support mattress in 10 normal subjects. Results showed no differences in sleep stages, number of wakes, or total sleep time between the two conditions. CAP rates were significantly reduced on the foam surface. CAP rate was s...

Although quantitative analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) has uncovered important aspects of brain activity during sleep in adolescents and adults, similar findings from preschool-age children remain scarce. This study utilized our time-frequency method to examine sleep oscillations as characteristic features of human sleep EEG. Data were collected from a longitudinal sample of you...

In recent years the number of functional neuroimaging studies on adolescence has exploded. These studies have led to important new insights about the relation between functional brain development and behavior. However, special consideration is warranted when working with adolescents. In this review, we review variables, including pubertal stage, sleep patterns and pregnancy, which are particula...