Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at increased risk for sleep issues, which affect quality of life, cognitive function, and behavior. To determine the prevalence of sleep problems in children with the common neurodevelopmental disorder neurofibromatosis type 1, a cross-sectional study was performed on 129 affected subjects and 89 unaffected siblings, age 2 to 17 years, using the Sl...

Sleep disordered breathing is frequently associated with repeated arousals and hypoxia resulting from intermittent partial or complete collapse of upper airway during sleep. There is an emerging recognition of the association of this disorder with metabolic abnormalities, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and hypertension. Of these conditions, the data associating obstructive sl...

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children are caused by a diverse group of anatomic and physiologic pathologies. These disorders share a common clinical presentation as stertor or sonorous breathing, occasionally accompanied by apneic events of variable duration. Successful management depends on accurate identification of the site of obstruction and the severity of obstruction. Inter...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic condition, characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, which affects up to 5% of adults in the Western population. The muscle tone of the human body ordinarily relaxes during sleep, thus causing airway obstruction and leading to sleep apnea. We report a case of a 68-years old male in which ...

This study investigated the 6-month prevalence rates of sleep-related problems and their association with daytime inadvertent napping, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional symptoms in children and adolescents. A representative school-based sample of 2463 first to ninth graders was recruited using a multistage sampling method. The instruments included the Sleep Habits Questio...

The vast majority of health care professionals are unaware of the negative impact of upper airway obstruction (mouth breathing) on normal facial growth and physiologic health. Children whose mouth breathing is untreated may develop long, narrow faces, narrow mouths, high palatal vaults, dental malocclusion, gummy smiles, and many other unattractive facial features, such as skeletal Class II or ...

The vast majority of health care professionals are unaware of the negative impact of upper airway obstruction (mouth breathing) on normal facial growth and physiologic health. Children whose mouth breathing is untreated may develop long, narrow faces, narrow mouths, high palatal vaults, dental malocclusion, gummy smiles, and many other unattractive facial features, such as skeletal Class II or ...

This is a large cross-sectional study which aimed to investigate comorbidity rate, degree of sleep-related breathing disorder, polysomnigraphically diagnosible rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder/rapid eye movement sleep without atonia and periodic limb movements during sleep in Japanese drug-naïve patients with narcolepsy-spectrum disorders. A total of 158 consecutive drug naïve patient...

Catathrenia is a rare sleep disorder characterised by groaning and prolonged expiration confined to sleep alternating with normal breathing that may occur at all sleep stages. After its first description in 1983 [1], catathrenia was recently introduced into the International Classification of Sleep Disorders [2]. Although the exact pathogenesis remains unknown, catathrenia has been considered a...

Abnormal breathing in heart failure as originally described by Cheyne and subsequently by Stokes was observed in apparently awake patients as an agonal breathing pattern. “. . . The only peculiarity in the last period of his illness was in the state of the respiration. For several days his breathing was irregular, then it would become perceptible, though very low, then by degrees it became heav...