the arnold-chiari malformation is a congenital abnormality of cns, characterized by downward displacement the parts of the cerebellum, fourth ventricle, pons and medulla oblongata into the spinal canal. this malformation is one of causative factor of death in neonates and infants. a thorough understanding of the direct and indirect sonographic findings is necessary for diagnosis of chiari ii ma...

Background. The incidence of CM-I is estimated to be 1/1,000 births. In rare cases, complicated by associations with other malformations the craniocervical junction, including mainly Basilar invagination (BI). Chiari malformation (CM) characterized a congenital posterior cranial fossa cerebellar tonsils herniation through foramen magnum, probably due underdevelopment bony skeleton (exo-occipita...

introduction: skull-based osteomyelitis is bony infection which generally originates from inadequately treated chronic infection, adjoining tissue infection or after trauma.case: 11 month female child had a trivial fall while standing near a bucket. the child developed fracture of right clavicle and left orbital swelling which was inadequately treated. this resulted in in spread of infection to...

localization of brain lesions and prevention of damage to vital structures are important in operation of brain pathologies. despite development of many techniques including angiography, mri, sonography, and frame base stereotaxy, a more accurate localizing technique is still needed (1, 2). a step forward to achieve this goal is to develop a navigation system. in this manuscript, we explained so...

DESCRIPTION An 8-month-old baby boy presented to the paediatrics outpatient department with a complaint of enlargement of head size. General and cardiovascular examinations, as well as routine biochemical analysis were within normal limits. There was no evidence of skin lesions to suggest capillary malformation neither there was any limb hypertrophy, also there was no history of skin lesions, l...

skull metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma, specially as the first presentation is very rare. we report a case with a history of head trauma in bam earthquake and craniotomy due to lytic tumor of the skull, presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms which hepatocellular carcinoma with skull metastasis was revealed .the patient was infected with hepatitis b virus without cirrhosis.

Abstract Objective: Chiari 1 malformation (CM1) occurs when the cerebellum bulges through an opening at base of skull, putting pressure on brain and spinal cord. CM1 is frequently related to syringomyelia, characterized by a fluid filled cyst in associated with sensorimotor symptoms such as headache, weakness arms, difficulty walking. This case study will expand upon existing literature regardi...

BACKGROUND Temperature and relative humidity (RH) are very important factors affecting embryo development, hatchability, and posthatch performance. This study aimed at characterizing embryonic metabolic and behavioural response to a harsh incubation environment generated by manipulations (elevations and drops) in these two key factors. This study was aimed at establishing patterns of metabolic ...

chondroma is a benign tumor which mostly occurs in extremities but also sometimes in brain. most intracranial chondromas arise from skull base, but chondroma of falx origin is a rare circumstance. indeed, the intracranial chondromas rise from falx is mostly in relation with syndromic disorders such as mafucci's syndrome or ollier's syndrome. here, we reported a rare case of falxian intracranial...

the rare form of skeletal dysplasia is thanatophoric dysplasia. the meaning for thanatophoric dysplasia is death bearing which is derived from greek word. it occurs 1in 20,000 to 50,000. it is mainly due to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3gene. features of thanatophoric dysplasia are frontal bossing, prominent eyes, narrow thorax, protruded abdomen and bowed legs. the knowle...