OBJECTIVE Physical UV absorbers such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide have been found to be highly protective against ultraviolet radiation. Sun protection factor depends on the accumulation of the minerals on the skin. UV-absorbing agents must accumulate within the upper skin layers in order to provide a dense light-absorbing layer and guarantee water resistance. The aim of this work was to i...

   Repeated oral administration of mexazolam, an anti-anxiety agent, may cause adverse effects such as gastric disturbance, drowsiness, and ataxia due to transiently high blood levels. Transdermal administration would avoid the systemic side effects and gastric disorders after oral administration. We have developed a matrix using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), a heat-processible and flexible mat...

In vitro percutaneous absorption of four antihypertensive drugs were carried out across the mice and human cavader skin in order to compare their skin permeability. An interesting trend was noticed in these experiments. Poorly water soluble drug prazosin hydrochloride showed 13 times enhanced flux in the mice skin whereas the steady-state flux of the water soluble drug propranolol hydrochloride...

Estimation of permeation of compounds such as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) alone or through barrier creams such as SERPACWA (Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agents) requires animal experiments or in vitro testing using animal or human skin. While animal skin does not reflect the same barrier properties as human skin, human skin poses problems of procurement, cost and la...

Summary: Low frequency ultrasound in combination with Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS), a known transdermal chemical enhancer has been found to enhance delivery of molecules through the skin. In this abstract, we report the effects of changing SLS concentration on cavitation, protein permeation through the skin and skin damage. Introduction: Low-frequency ultrasound (US), applied to skin via a liqu...

The most superficial layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, is the major barrier for permeation of most drugs. In order to increase the efficiency of drugs delivered via the skin, there is a demand for new transdermal drug delivery systems. Over the last two decades vesicles have been explored as potential carriers for drugs with the aim to facilitate drug transport across the stratum corneum....

A synergistic approach by the combination of magnetic nanoparticles with an alternating magnetic field for transdermal drug delivery was investigated. Methotrexate-loaded silk fibroin magnetic nanoparticles were prepared using suspension-enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO2. The physiochemical properties of the magnetic nanoparticles were characterized. In vitro studies on drug permeation a...

Tacrolimus (FK506), an effective immunosuppressant for treating inflammatory skin diseases, hardly penetrates into and through the skin owing to its high hydrophobicity and molecular weight. The aim of this study was to develop a hybrid system based on nicotinamide (NIC) and nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating FK506, such as FK506-NPs-NIC, for facilitating percutaneous delivery, which exploited v...

The gastric irritant effects of peroral lornoxicam can be attenuated using skin as the route of administration. The present work was focused on the development, characterization, ex vivo skin permeation and skin targeting behaviors of lornoxicam-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Lornoxicam loaded SLN was prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The particle size and polyd...

The present study investigated the feasibility of ostrich oil utilizing as a promising vehicle for improved skin permeation of sinomenine with reference to vaseline matrix containing different content of chemical enhancers. The fatty acid composition of ostrich oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Penetration enhancing potential of ostrich oil on permeation of sinomenine across rat abdominal skin in vitr...