AIM The feasibility of transdermal delivery of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, by anodal iontophoresis patches using Ag/AgCl electrodes was investigated. METHODS To examine the effect of current strength, species variation and drug concentration on skin permeability of naloxone, in vitro skin permeation studies were performed using rat dorsal skin and porcine ear skin as the membrane. To dete...

Thermal ablation is a promising mechanism to increase permeability of the skin's outer barrier layer of stratum corneum while sparing deeper living tissues. In this study, finite element modeling predicted that the skin surface should only be heated on the microsecond timescale in order to avoid significant temperature rises in living cells and nerve endings in deeper tissue. To achieve such sh...

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has very high rates of mortality. An early stage melanoma can be surgically removed, with a survival rate of 99%. This literature review intends to elucidate the possibilities to treat melanoma skin cancer using hybrid nanofibers developed by advanced electrospinning process. In this review we have shown that the enhanced permeability and ...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to find a stable microemulsion vehicle for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen to improve the skin permeability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microemulsion was prepared using different sorts of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the microemulsion domain. The effects of oleic acid and surfactant mixture on...

A membrane-coated fiber (MCF) array approach was developed for quantitative assessment of skin absorption from chemical mixtures, which was based on the similarity in the absorption mechanisms of the MCF membrane and the stratum corneum of the skin. A set of probe compounds were used to detect the relative molecular interaction strengths of chemicals with the vehicle and the membranes, which pr...

The permeability of the venules of the skin of the mouse greatly exceeds that of the capillaries. A mounting gradient of permeability exists along the further portion of the latter. The significance of these facts is discussed with relation to conditions in human skin. The cutaneous venules are differentiated for several functions besides those ordinarily attributed to them, and must be conside...

The permeability characteristics of newborn pig skin and adult rat skin, either fresh or stored, to model drugs were examined and compared. Special attention was paid to the design to a new experimental system suitable for evaluation of skin permeability to various substances. Two types of model substances were used; insulin, a poorly absorbable substance with high molecular weight as a represe...

Although intercellular junctions are known to be the major regulators of permeability of simple epithelia, they had not been thought to be important in regulating the permeability of stratified mammalian epithelia. Furuse et al. (2002)(this issue) demonstrate that functional tight junctions may indeed be a necessary part of the permeability barrier of the skin.

Preparations of plasminogen, soluble in aqueous media, increased vascular permeability in guinea pig skin when activated by streptokinase or urokinase. The permeability-enhancing effect was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor but not by triprolidine. Permeability-enhancing activity evolved when plasmin was incubated with fractions of plasma rich in prokinin. The experiments described suggest...