The chemical master equation is considered as an accurate description of general chemical systems, and especially so for modeling gene regulatory networks and protein-protein interaction networks. This paper examines some “off-the-shelf” numerical approaches to solve the chemical master equation for the Goldbeter-Koshland switch on both sequential and parallel machines. The numerical results sh...

This paper considers the fragment ∃∀SO of second-order logic. Many interesting problems, such as conformant planning, can be naturally expressed as finite domain satisfiability problems of this logic. Such satisfiability problems are computationally hard (Σ2 ) and many of these problems are often solved approximately. In this paper, we develop a general approximative method, i.e., a sound but i...

We consider combinatorial problems for graphs that (a) can be solved in polynomial time for graphs of bounded treewidth and (b) where the order of the polynomial time bound is expected to depend on the treewidth of the considered graph. First we review some recent results for problems regarding list and equitable colorings, general factors, and generalized satisfiability. Second we establish a ...

A novel nano – sized  manganese (II) coordination polymer, [{Mn(NCS)2(L)(H2O)2}(L)]n  , (1) (L- = 4,4'-Bipyridine), have been synthesized by a sonochemical process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.  Direct calcination of the single crystals and nano-size...

A novel nano – sized  manganese (II) coordination polymer, [{Mn(NCS)2(L)(H2O)2}(L)]n  , (1) (L- = 4,4'-Bipyridine), have been synthesized by a sonochemical process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.  Direct calcination of the single crystals and nano-size...

OBJECTIVES Despite the great contribution made by chemical substances to the development of modern civilization, their indiscriminate use has caused various kinds of damage to the global environment and human beings. Accordingly, the major developed countries and international society have tried to ensure the safe use of chemicals and a reduction in the use of hazardous chemicals through the es...

Introduction The research reported in this paper relates to an empirical study of business start-ups and their survival and growth or, conversely, their failure (exit) in the early years following start-up. A cohort of new start small or micro businesses which were set up with the support of a Training & Enterprise Council (TEC) in the West Yorkshire area are investigated. TECs are a government...

In this paper, a step fixed charge transportation problem is developed where the products are sent from the sources to the destinations in existence of both unit and step fixed-charges. The proposed model determines the amount of products in the existing routes with the aim of minimizing the total cost (sum of unit and step fixed-charges) to satisfy the demand of each customer. As the problem i...