Steady-state dynamic simulation of a variable reluctance stepping motor is carried out by applying two different excitation voltages. First a single-step voltage is applied to the motor, and a sinusoidal voltage, as the first term of Fourier series of the single-step voltage, is then used as the input voltage of the motor. In both cases plots of machine torque, current and speed are presented. ...

Three different spark plasma sintering (SPS) treatments were applied to highly sinteractive, near-stoichiometric UO2.04 nanocrystalline (5 nm) powders produced by U(IV) oxalate hydrothermal decomposition at 170 °C. The conditions for reaching 95 % theoretical density (TD) in regular SPS, high pressure SPS (HP-SPS), and, the first time, two-step (2S-SPS), determined. Densification TD was achieve...

This paper presents a high step-down tranformerless single-stage single-switch ac/dc converter suitable for universal line applications (90–270 Vr m s ). The topology integrates a buck-type power-factor correction (PFC) cell with a buck–boost dc/dc cell and part of the input power is coupled to the output directly after the first power processing. With this direct power transfer feature and sha...

Template-free CuO nanorods were synthesized through a three-step chemical method with no water-insoluble materials. The first step included the preparation of a Cu-complex, which was obtained from dipicolinic acid, L-lysine, and copper nitrate. Then, as the second step, the obtained solution was allowed to be relaxed for a week to and formation of some blue single-crystals single crystals, whic...

objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength to sound and caries-affected dentin using single bond and adper prompt-l-pop adhesives. materials and methods: sixteen extracted human molars with carious lesions extended halfway through dentin were ground to expose the caries affected and the surrounding normal dentin. the samples were divided into two groups of e...