In evaluating ultimate limit states for design, time-domain aeroelastic response simulations are typically carried out to establish extreme loads on offshore wind turbines. Accurate load prediction depends on proper modeling of the wind turbulence and the wave stochastic processes as well as of the turbine, the support structure, and the foundation. One method for modeling the support structure...

Sand pile models are dynamical systems emphasizing the phenomenon of Self Organized Criticality (SOC). From N stacked grains, iterating evolution rules leads to some critical configuration where a small disturbance has deep consequences on the system, involving numerous steps of grain fall. Physicists L. Kadanoff et al inspire KSPM, a model presenting a sharp SOC behavior, extending the well kn...

This research investigates the influence of pile spacing on dynamic behavior groups by performing a series specifically designed centrifuge experiments foundations embedded in two-layered soil profile. A single and two 3×1 row with different were used as model foundations, models consisted soft clay underlain dense sand. The earthquake frequency soils is discussed using data 1D site response an...

Juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were exposed to simulated high intensity pile driving signals to evaluate their ability to recover from barotrauma injuries. Fish were exposed to one of two cumulative sound exposure levels for 960 pile strikes (217 or 210 dB re 1 µPa(2)·s SEL(cum); single strike sound exposure levels of 187 or 180 dB re 1 µPa(2)⋅s SEL(ss) respectively). This w...

The use of static load testing in optimising design and providing verification of suitability and constructability continues to be unsurpassed in the foundation industry. The utilisation of top load reaction testing appears to be that with which most European engineers are familiar, but a variation on this, which has become just as conventional in some parts of the world, is the use of bi-direc...

The ventral surface of the pond skater, Gerris najas, is covered with a hair pile extremely resistant to water penetration. It is possible that the hydrofuge properties of the hair pile are maintained by an oil released from glands opening out on to the general body surface. Holdgate (1955) has reported findings indicating that many surface-dwelling and surface-breathing aquatic insects activel...

Analyzing piles subjected to lateral loads significantly depends on soil resistance at any point along the pile as a function of pile deflection, known as p-y curve. On the other hand, the deformation characteristics of soil defined as “the soil strain at 50% of maximum deviatoric stress (ε50)” has considerable effect on the generated p-y curve. In this research, several models are proposed to ...

1 Introduction. In this paper, two players alternate removing a positive number of counters from one of n piles of counters, and the choice of which pile he removes from can change on each move. On his initial move, the player moving first can remove from one pile of his choice at most t counters. On each subsequent move, a player can remove from one pile of his choice at most f (x) counters, w...

To study the formation mechanism of lower shaft resistance uplift piles compared to compression piles, additional stress caused by and compressive in soil is obtained through indoor model tests with embedded micro earth pressure cells. The shows that pile has an unloading effect side soil, a loading soil. Closer point, becomes more obvious. decreases pile, increases pile. also reveal distributi...