Since the early 1990s the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Cancer Institute have conducted and funded countless studies on potential environmental risk factors for breast cancer. While clear answers are still hard to come by in this highly complex field, increasingly sophisticated research questions and methods have yielded intriguing evidence.

The pharmaceutical industry provides a good laboratory to investigate the effects of mergers and alliances on innovation and R&D productivity. Over the past few decades, the industry has been characterized both by significant consolidation of large pharma firms as well as the vertical disintegration of the R&D process. The latter is associated with significant entry into the discovery and devel...

A contrasting trend pattern of sea surface salinity (SSS) between the western tropical Pacific (WTP) and the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) is observed during 2004-2013, with significant salinity increase in the WTP and freshening in the SETIO. In this study, we show that increased precipitation around the Maritime Continent (MC), decreased precipitation in the western-central tropi...

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau...

We study earnings mobility and instability using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Our main contribution is to update mobility and instability calculations to include data from the 1990s, although we also provide a number of tests of robustness across mobility and instability indicators and sample definition. All in all, we find few trends in earnings mobility and instability that p...

Electricity markets in the united states and Canada have evolved since their inception late 1990s early 2000s. Not all provinces moved toward restructured organized electricity markets, but rather those that belonged to operated by independent system operators (ISOs) regional transmission organizations, with designs developed through stakeholder processes approved state, provincial, or federal ...

the present study illustrates the long-term changes in selected socioeconomic variables (population,industrial activities, settlement dispersion, and land-use) together with climate aridity trends in thriasio, the larger industrial area of greece located twenty kilometers far from athens. this region, originally devoted to agriculture, experienced fast industrial and economic development during...

in the era of globalization, particularly, since early 1990s, economies around the world have been affected considerably by co-movements in one or more countries. in the literature this phenomenon is recognized as synchronization in business cycles, while joint policies being conducted by trading partners can modify such effects properly. the objective of this paper has been to evaluate a possi...