Abstract A new generalized integral identity involving first order differentiable functions is obtained. Using this as an auxiliary result, we then obtain some refinements of Simpson type inequalities using a class called strongly ( s , m )-convex higher $$\sigma &gt;0$$ σ &gt; 0</mml:...

In contrast to many commodities traded in the economy, housing services include a diverse bundle of attributes priced in a complex way. Because of the high costs of transforming housing bundles, arbitrage is generally impossible; thus it is to be expected that the prices of individual attributes vary jointly in a nonlinear way, even in market equilibrium. Indeed, in the housing literature there...

This article discusses three statistical paradoxes that pervade epidemiological research: Simpson's paradox, Lord's paradox, and suppression. These paradoxes have important implications for the interpretation of evidence from observational studies. This article uses hypothetical scenarios to illustrate how the three paradoxes are different manifestations of one phenomenon--the reversal paradox-...

It is generally accepted that the first choice of treatment for spinal meningiomas is "radical" surgical removal. However, Simpson grade I removal is sometimes difficult, especially in cases with ventral dural attachment, because of the risk of spinal cord damage or the difficulty of dural repair after radical resection. In addition, there is no consensus on a surgical strategy for radicality, ...

Mammalian fossils from two principal collecting areas in the lower Hanna Formation of the Carbon Basin comprise three faunas, the Grayson Ridge, Halfway Hill, and Sand Creek faunas. The Grayson Ridge and Halfway Hill faunas are diverse, consisting cumulatively of 29 mammalian species, at least two of which are new. The faunas are approximately equivalent in age and are either latest lbrrejonian...