Trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are two debilitating disease groups caused by parasites of Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp. and affecting millions of people worldwide. A brief outline of the potential targets for rational drug design against these diseases are presented, with an emphasis placed on the enzyme trypanothione reductase. Trypanothione reductase was identified as unique to parasites...

According to the metaphorical framing model, the use of metaphors in discussing an issue influences recipients' understanding and assessment of that issue. In a recent study, participants read a text referring to a city's crime problem either as a beast or a virus and then proposed counter-measures for that problem. Participants' suggestions differed depending on the metaphor they had read. Thi...

The conventionalization of figurative comparisons is one source of lexical evolution. For example, anchor once only meant a device for mooring a ship, but may now be used to describe any source of stability or confidence. Our goal is to understand this process. Following the Career of Metaphor framework, figurative mappings are interpreted through a structure-mapping process, rendering common s...

This article aimed to analyze the figurative language used in Bible Old Testament. The objectives of this research are find out types and meanings To data, author uses main theory proposed by Knickerbocker Reninger (1963) entitled Interpreting Literature meaning Leech (1981) Semantics. analyzed data using a qualitative method. were collected reading Bible, taking note classifying sentences that...

Figurative language is one of the literary devices used to enrich meaning literature work. The research problem this find figurative and its in novel “It Starts with Us”. This qualitative study. data collection taken from Us” by Collen Roover, published 2022. shows that there were five kinds simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, repetition. Out 86 data; 76 (86%) simile consisted using “...

Two new species of nematodes (Chabertiidae: Labiostrongylinea) from Dorcopsis muelleri in Raja Ampat Island, Papua, were described and figured. Dorcopsinema longispicularis sp.nov.is most similar to D. simile, but can be distinguished from it in being a smaller worm with longer spicules and a relatively longer oesophagus, as well as in the form of the posterior lip of the genital cone, the form...

There is a strong urban myth that Charles Darwin introduced and/or advocated a ‘‘Tree of Life’’ for the classification of living organisms. This has recently been highlighted by Lawton [1], but dates back to at least Doolittle [2]. It is often combined with the idea that we require a ‘‘paradigm shift’’ to take into account extensive lateral gene transfer, especially in prokaryotes. Yes, extensi...