A review of the impacts of deicers used in winter maintenance practices of Portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete roadways and airport pavements is presented. Traditional and relatively new deicers are incorporated in this review, including sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, potassium formate, sodium acetate, and sodium fo...

Dimensionally stable, optically clear, highly porous (approximately 65% of the apparent volume), and high surface area (up to 1400 m(2)/g) silica monoliths were fabricated as thick disks (0.5 cm) by templating the isotropic liquid crystalline L(3) phase with silica through the hydrolysis and condensation of a silicon alkoxide and then removing the organic constituents by supercritical ethanol e...

Cellulose-silica composite fiber samples have been successfully synthesized using cellulose solution, tetraethoxysilane, and NH3•H2O in ethanol/water mixed solvents at room temperature for 24 h. The cellulose solution was previously prepared by the dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose in a solvent mixture of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/lithium chloride (LiCl). The effect of the tetraethox...

A highly efficient and general method for the synthesis of aryloylamido coumarinsderivatives by a three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin or 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyran-1-one, aryl glyoxals and benzamide in the presence of nano silica supported tin(II) chloride as a heterogeneous catalyst is established. In this method, SnCl2/nano SiO2 wasused as green and reusable catalyst. Excellent yie...

In this investigation, Nano silica chloride (nano SiO2Cl) has been found to be efficient, chemoselective and recyclable catalyst for facile and simple synthesis of germinal diacetates from aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes in shorter reaction durations. The products were obtained in high to excellent yields. This work consistently has the advantages of excellent yields, short reaction time,...

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives via multi-component coupling reaction of aromatic aldehydes, β-ketoester and urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions using Silica Supported Barium Chloride as a catalyst is described. All prepared compounds with melting points, IR,1H NMR and 13C NMR were identified. High yields, mild conditi...

The idea of smart corrosion inhibition is basis on either inhibitor consumption where it is needed or reducing harmful matrix interaction with it. In addition, applying corrosion inhibitor in a coating causes many problems such as loss of inhibition capability, coating degradation, or both. A useful technique to overcome th...

Deterioration of concrete, which is mainly due to ignorance of environmental and service conditions, causes considerable costs for the construction industry. With this in mind, in this paper, results of investigation into the major causes of concrete deterioration in the Urumie Lake are presented. For the purposes of this investigation, samples were obtained by mixing two types of cement (OPC t...