The membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of a cell forms contacts directly with mitochondria whereby the contact is referred to as the mitochondrion-associated ER membrane or the MAM. Here we found that the MAM regulates cellular survival via an MAM-residing ER chaperone the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) in that the Sig-1R chaperones the ER stress sensor IRE1 to facilitate inter-organelle sig...

we first characterize $tau$-complemented modules with relative (pre)-covers. we also introduce an extending module relative to $tau$-pure submodules on a hereditary torsion theory $tau$ and give its relationship with $tau$-complemented modules.

In this paper, we introduce the notions of expansion of ideals in $MV$-algebras, $ (tau,sigma)- $primary, $ (tau,sigma)$-obstinate  and $ (tau,sigma)$-Boolean  in $ MV- $algebras. We investigate the relations of them. For example, we show that every $ (tau,sigma)$-obstinate ideal of an $ MV-$ algebra is $ (tau,sigma)$-primary  and $ (tau,sigma)$-Boolean. In particular, we define an expansion $ ...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone σ-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is cytoprotective against ER stress-induced apoptosis. The level of Sig-1Rs in the brain was reported to be lower in early parkinsonian patients. Because dopamine (DA) toxicity is well known to be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease, we tested in this study whether a relationship might exist between Sig-1Rs and DA-induce...

Regulated protein degradation by the proteasome plays an essential role in the enhancement and suppression of signaling pathways in the nervous system. Proteasome-associated factors are pivotal in ensuring appropriate protein degradation, and we have previously demonstrated that alterations in one of these factors, the proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (Usp14), ...

Cell suspensions prepared from human B-cell lymphomas were analyzed for cellular DNA and cell surface immunoglobulin (SIg) by flow cytometry. In addition to SIg-bearing neoplastic B-lymphocytes, these tumors contain nonneoplastic cells. Flow cytometry permitted selective analysis of DNA in subpopulations defined by the membrane antigen SIg and also permitted analysis of SIg of subpopulations de...

We read with interest the commentary of Venkatesh and Morgan in the February issue of Critical Care [1], in which they discuss the continuing need for clarification of the nature of unmeasured anions in critically ill patients. The questions asked in this commentary arise from the study of Bruegger and colleagues in a previous issue of this journal [2]. The main issue discussed is the ongoing u...

We determined the prevalence and significance of finding B cells without surface immunoglobulin (SIg) light chain expression. The flow cytometry database at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions was searched for cases in which immunoglobulin light chain staining was performed to rule out a B-cell malignant neoplasm between January 1994 and February 2000. We excluded plasma cell dyscrasias, precurs...

BACKGROUND Acid-base abnormalities in neonatal diarrheic calves can be assessed by using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or the simplified strong ion approach which use the anion gap (AG) or the strong ion gap (SIG) to quantify the concentration of unmeasured strong anions such as D-lactate. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the clinical utility of AG and SIG in quantifying th...