Low birth weight has been found to increase the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. However, few studies adequately control for shared environmental influences (e.g., concentrated disadvantage, family structure) or examine whether interactions between birth weight and genetic factors predict ADHD. The present study addresses these limitations in prior research b...

Sibling conflict and aggression is often a pervasive part of family life that parents want help managing and can have negative effects on children's well-being. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate current research regarding programs to reduce sibling conflict and aggression and promote positive sibling relationships. Online databases, reference lists, and Google Scholar were se...

Sex ratio theory predicts that, under local mate competition, a more female-biased offspring sex will be produced by females when their relatedness to mates is closer. We assess how the sexual composition of broods responds mother–mate using Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), parasitoid wasp that has biased ratios due competition. Relatedness was varied providing virgin with eith...

Abstract Studies examining relationships between neurotypical and autistic siblings have reported inconsistent findings when focussing on children adolescents, with little research investigating adult sibling relationships. This is of particular interest as can often take over the guardianship or care a their parents are no longer able to. The current study examined knowledge attitudes towards ...

Within-brood or -litter dominance provides fitness-related benefits if dominant siblings selfishly skew access to food provided by parents in their favour. Models of facultative siblicide assume that dominants exert complete control over their subordinate sibling's access to food and that control is maintained, irrespective of the subordinate's hunger level. By contrast, a recent functional hyp...

Integrity constraints play a fundamental role in defining semantics in both conventional databases and in XML documents. In this paper we generalize previous approaches to defining inclusion dependencies in XML. Previous approaches have considered only the case where the paths on the l.h.s. are child attributes of the same node and the paths on the r.h.s. of the dependency are child attributes ...

The influence of birth order on personality and sibling rivalry is controversial; little research has been conducted into academic sibling rivalry, and none into the connection with personality traits. This study considers the interaction of all three factors. Firstborns (N=22) and lastborns (N=24) completed online personality tests and an Academic Sibling Rivalry Questionnaire. Lastborns were ...

Knowledge about sibling relationships is used in genetic epidemiology, conservation biology, and animal management. For example, knowledge of the genetic relationships among individuals is critical for estimating heritabilities of quantitative characters, for characterizing mating systems and fitness, and for managing populations of endangered species. When parental data are available, sibling ...