abstractbackgroundline of treatment for management of hydrocephalus despite available new techniques andsystems of shunting. associated complications should be recognized and managed properly,but the most recognized complications are shunt obstruction which its prevalencethrough surgical approach is discussed here. two approaches (frontal and parietal) are usedto insert ventriculoperitoneal shu...

BACKGROUND Hypoxemia is common in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may be partly related to ventilation/perfusion mismatch, low diffusion capacity, low cardiac output, and/or right-to-left (RL) shunting. METHODS To determine whether true RL shunting causing hypoxemia is caused by intracardiac shunting, as classically considered, a retrospective single center study was conducted in consecutive ...

We report the case of a young woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) with severe liver involvement and pulmonary shunting. The medical imaging in this patient illustrates the severe shunting that can occur in these patients who often are asymptomatic. By showing this case, we want to highlight the role of liver transplantation in HHT with hepatic involvement.

At the occasion of ATMOS 2012, Tim Nonner and Alexander Souza defined a new train shunting problem that can roughly be described as follows. We are given a train visiting stations in a given order and cars located at some source stations. Each car has a target station. During the trip of the train, the cars are added to the train at their source stations and removed from it at their target stat...

BACKGROUND Percutaneous transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cryptogenic stroke is an alternative to medical therapy. There is still debate on different outcome for each currently available device. The impact of residual shunting after PFO-closure on recurrent arterial embolism is unknown. - AIMS (i) To evaluate the prevalence of residual interatrial shunting after device- c...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent of intrapulmonary right to left shunting in children after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (BCPA). DESIGN Prospective study of patients who underwent BCPA in a single centre. PATIENTS 17 patients with complex cyanotic congenital cardiac malformations who underwent BCPA at 1-45 months of age (median 21 months) were evaluated 15-64 months postoperative...

Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) compromizes intestinal microcirculatory oxygenation; however, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that contributors herein include redistribution of oxygen away from the intestines and shunting of oxygen within the intestines. The latter may be due to the impaired ability of erythrocytes to off-load oxygen within the micro...