The vegetative development of the maize shoot can be divided into juvenile and adult phases based on the types of leaves produced at different times in shoot development. Models for the regulation of phase change make explicit predictions about when the identity of these types of leaves is determined. To test these models, we examined the timing of leaf type determination in maize. Clones induc...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Shoot-borne roots contribute to most of the nutrient uptake throughout the life cycle of maize (Zea mays). Compared with numerous studies with embryonic roots, detailed information on the phenotypic plasticity of shoot-borne roots in response to a heterogeneous nitrogen supply is scarce. The present study therefore provides a comprehensive profile of fine-scale plastic respo...

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included. Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As, P, and other nutrients, AM colonization, root leng...

in order to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth characteristic of wheat, an experiment was conducted at the research greenhouse, faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran, in year 2009. a completely randomized design based on factorial arrangement (3×6) with three replications was used. the first factor consisted of three cultivars of wheat (c...

in other to evaluation of morphological and phenological traits of 24 populations, from four species chamomile of the genus of anthemis, an experiment were carried out using randomized completely blocks design (rcbd) in three replications in alborz research station in karaj, iran during 2011-12. 13 traits including: length and width of canopy diameter, plant height, number of flower, shoot fres...

Cultivated soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Dunbar (PI 552538) and wild G. soja (PI 326582A) exhibited significant differences in root architecture and root-related traits. In this study, phenotypic variability for root traits among 251 BC2F5 backcross inbred lines (BILs) developed from the cross Dunbar/PI 326582A were identified. The root systems of the parents and BILs were evaluated in controlle...

Although functional trait variability is increasingly used in community ecology, the scale- and size-dependent aspects of trait variation are usually disregarded. Here we quantified the spatial structure of shoot height, branch length, root/shoot ratio and leaf number in a macrophyte species Potamogeton maackianus, and then disentangled the environmental and ontogenetic effects on these traits....

To demonstrate the combined toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and arsenate (As) to early developmental stages of six wheat varieties, young seedlings were exposed to solutions containing both contaminants and seed germination frequency and seedling biomass, root length and shoot height, Cd and As uptake, amylase activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), soluble protein and ...

in the present study, effect of five isolates of trichoderma harzianum on growth parameters of tomato was carried out as cr design with six replications under greenhouse conditions. the concentrations 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% inoculums per pot were used. plant length, shoot and root fresh/dry weight, number of leaves and stem diameter as growth parameters were measured. the results showed that isolate...

Shoot tips of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in vitro plantlets were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-vitrification technique. Nodal cuttings of 5 mm length with one leaf were cultured on modified MS medium in Petri dishes (90 mm x 20 mm) for about 28 days. Excised shoot tips were precultured on sucrose enriched (0.3 M) medium for 16 h, encapsulated and osmoprotected with ...