One of the major issues in planning a research is the decision as to how large a sample and the method to be employed to select the estimated sample in order to meet the objective of the research. Sampling is an essential tool for research in medicine. A good number of the medical literature while reporting their sampling method go by stating that the sample was collected by random sampling and...

Power and sample size analysis or sample size determination is concerned with the question of determining the minimum number of samples necessary to demonstrate the existence (or absence) of a difference between two or more populations of interest. The number of samples should be sufficient in that the statistical test will reject the null hypothesis, when there really exists a difference, with...

We address the consistency property of cross validation (CV) for classification. Sufficient conditions are obtained on the data splitting ratio to ensure that the better classifier between two candidates will be favored by CV with probability approaching 1. Interestingly, it turns out that for comparing two general learning methods, the ratio of the training sample size and the evaluation size ...

BACKGROUND The present study examines the injury status in women runners who are randomised to receive a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. METHODS 81 female runners were categorised into three different foot posture types (39 neutral, 30 pronated, 12 highly pronated) and randomly assigned a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Runners underwent baseline testing ...

Cereal grains are the primary energy source in swine diets. Therefore, not only must producers be concerned about the composition of the grain, but also how it is processed so the pig can fully utilize the nutrients. Because feed represents 65 to 75 percent of overall production costs in a swine operation, improving the efficiency of feed utilization will have a tremendous impact on the cost of...

The surgeon must determine the pathologic elements that need correction. Close observation for an increased HV angle, increased IM angle, pronation of the first toe, increased DMAA, enlarged medial eminence, and subluxation of the sesamoids must be performed. While there are a large number of procedures available for the management of HV, no one method sufficiently corrects all HV deformities. ...

BACKGROUND Amongst the many identified mechanisms leading to diabetic foot ulceration, ill-fitting footwear is one. There is anecdotal evidence that people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy wear shoes that are too small in order to increase the sensation of fit. The aim of this study was to determine whether people with diabetic sensory neuropathy wear appropriate length footwear. METHODS A...

Introduction: The use of an improper shoe size is common in older people and is believed to have a detrimental effect on the quality of life related to foot health. The objective is to describe and compare, in a sample of participants, the impact of shoes that fit properly or improperly, as well as analyze the scores related to foot health and health overall. Method: A sample of 64 participan...

BACKGROUND Ill-fitting footwear is a common problem in older people. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of shoe fitting in older people by comparing the dimensions of allocated shoes to foot dimensions obtained with a three-dimensional (3D) scanner. METHODS The shoe sizes of 56 older people were determined with the Brannock device®, and weightbearing foot scans were obt...