Shock tubes have been widely used since the 1950s to study physical phenomena such as shock waves, combustion chemistry, and the response of materiel to blast loading. Recently, laboratory-scale shock tubes driven by oxy-acetylene were described. It was estimated that these shock tubes would not have a significant “jet effect” of expanding gases following the shock front because the combustion ...

The size of the shock-layer governed by a conservation law is studied. The conservation law is a parabolic reaction-convection-diffusion equation with a small parameter multiplying the diffusion term and convex flux. Rigorous upper and lower bounding functions for the solution of the conservation law are established based on maximum-principle arguments. The bounding functions demonstrate that t...

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologic reaction to an inhaled antigen, with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The most common manifestations are fever, cough, and dyspnea. We describe a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis with marked alveolar lymphocytosis; the patient presented with respiratory failure and shock requiring mechanical ventilation and vasopressive agents. We hy...

Clindamycin-related anaphylactic reaction is rarely reported. We report a male patient with buccal cancer who was undergoing radical neck dissection when life-threatening anaphylactic shock developed soon after intravenous infusion of clindamycin. Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed, and the patient recovered uneventfully. Perioperative anaphylactic shock is a serious problem ...

Experimental images of propagating detonation waves provide lead shock velocity measurements through the cell cycle. We examine the issue of local decoupling of the shock and reaction front using these data. In highly unstable mixtures with high reduced activation energy, experimental images and analysis suggest that local decoupling occurs at the end of the cell cycle. Regions of high fluoresc...

Anaphylactic shock is a sudden, life-threatening allergic reaction associated with severe hypotension. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated in the cardiovascular dysfunctions occurring in various shock syndromes, including anaphylaxis. Excessive production of the vasodilator NO causes inflammatory hypotension and shock, and it is generally accepted that transcriptionally regulated ind...

Although we rarely see a shock wave in everyday life, we experience them upon hearing the sound of an explosion, the bang of a gunshot, or the crack of a whip. In addition, objects that travel at supersonic speeds, such as bullets and missiles, also generate shock waves. During a typical shock-loading process, large pressures generated at the shock front can lead to an increase in the reactants...

6-Amino-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (ATTz)is an explosive material, that has been synthesized from the reaction of 3,6-diaminotetrazine , with nitrous acid and then sodium azide. In the simplest terms, an explosive is defined as a substance, which on initiation by friction, impact, shock, spark, flame, heating, or any simple application of an energy pulse, undergoes a rapid chemical...