In this paper, predictive modeling of cutting and ploughing forces, stress distributions on tool faces, and temperature distributions in the presence of tool flank wear are presented. The analytical and thermal modeling of orthogonal cutting that is introduced in Part I of the paper is extended for worn tool case in order to study the effect of flank wear on the predictions. Work material const...

Twenty-eight Comisana dry ewes were utilised to evaluate the effect of shearing (14 shorn and 14 unshorn ewes) and supplemental level (100 and 300g of concentrate) on intake of barley stubble. Shorn ewes showed a small increase in dry matter intake (at the end of August: 1.32 vs. 1.10kg/day; p<0.01). Intake of barley stubble decreased as supplement level increased (mean: 1.18 vs. 1.29; p<0.01)....

We use a modified filament stretching rheometer to quantify the influence of a known controlled pre-shear history on the transient extensional viscosity of a dilute polymer solution. Two different types of pre-deformation are explored; both influence the subsequent stretching significantly, albeit in opposite ways. Small-amplitude oscillatory straining parallel to the direction of stretching en...

We relate the pressure "dip" observed at the bottom of a sand pile prepared by successive avalanches to the stress profile obtained on sheared granular layers in response to a localized vertical overload. We show that, within a simple anisotropic elastic analysis, the skewness and the tilt of the response profile caused by shearing provide a qualitative agreement with the sand pile dip effect. ...

A new hybrid atomistic-coarse-grained (HACG) treatment of reversible processes in multiple-scale systems involving fluid-solid interfaces was tested through isothermal-isobaric Monte Carlo simulations of the quasistatic shearing of a model two-dimensional lubricated contact comprising two planar Lennard-Jones solid substrates that sandwich a softer Lennard-Jones film. Shear-stress profiles (plo...

The Interaction of a crack with rigid circular cylindrical inclusions is considered for the case of longitudinal shear deformation. General representations of the solutions for a radial crack near a single and midway between two inclusions are given. The particular case of uniform shearing stress applied at infinity is discussed in detail. Expressions for the crack tip stress intensity factor K...

To study the effect of aging on deformability of an erythrocyte, rheological measurement has been performed after exposure to a shear field in vitro. Deformability was evaluated with shear stress responsiveness and with critical elongation calculated from an exponential curve between an elongation index and shear stress. Human erythrocytes were classified according to their density by a centrif...

where _ cgm is the viscous shear stress, with _ c the shear rate and gm the matrix viscosity, Do is initial droplet diameter, and G is the interfacial tension. A steady applied shearing flow that is not so fast as to lead to droplet rupture will eventually stretch a droplet into a roughly ellipsoidal steady-state shape, and the steady-state degree of deformation, defined as the deformation para...