Musculotendon tissue interactions are strongly dependent on the morphological and mechanical characteristics of the aponeurosis [1]. Despite its mechanical significance, the material properties of the aponeurosis are not well understood. In fact, the literature reports conflicting results concerning the relative stiffness of tendon and aponeurosis tissue [2, 3], which may arise from the challen...

To address the role of the parietal pleura in reduction of mesothelial shear stresses during breathing, we measured the stiffness of the parietal pleural surface of mammalian chest walls using microindentation. The pleural surface was indented over ribs and intercostal spaces with rigid flat punches (tip radii of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.1 cm) to probe stiffness at length scales comparable with those ...

the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (cfrp) composite fabric on monotonic and fatigue behaviors of reinforced concrete beams. to control the failure occurrence, a small notch was induced at the middle span in bottom surface for all of the studied rc specimens. totally 12 beams were tested from which 6 beams tested under monotonic and 6 other t...

Large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to investigate turbulence in a marginally-unstable stratified shear layer motivated by the observation of deep-cycle turbulence in the upper Equatorial Undercurrents. The initial condition consists of uniform shear and stratification profiles, and a constant gradient Richardson number Rig = 0.25. A constant wind stress forces turbulence in the upper surface l...

Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) is made from thin steel plate which in turn are framed by the beams and columns of structural system. In recent year they are proved to be very effective and economical for resisting lateral loads such as earthquake and wind loads.The present work targets to study the behaviour of single frame SPSW with different plate thicknesses, rigid and non-rigid frame members...

The influence of vocal fold geometry and stiffness on phonation onset was experimentally investigated using a body-cover physical model of the vocal folds. Results showed that a lower phonation threshold pressure and phonation onset frequency can be achieved by reducing body-layer or cover-layer stiffness, reducing medial surface thickness, or increasing cover-layer depth. Increasing body-layer...

Background The measurement of arterial stiffness has long been a reliable method of determining the severity and risk involved with many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a non-invasive MRI-based technique, has recently been applied to measure aortic stiffness [2]. The aim of this study is to determine MRE-derived shear stiffness (μMRE) of the abdominal aorta o...

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are used to study the shear layer characteristics of a jet in a crossflow. Experimental observations by Megerian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93–129) at velocity ratios (R = vj/u∞) of 2 and 4 and Reynolds number (Re = vjD/ν) of 2000 on the transition from absolute to convective instability of the upstream shea...

According to our observation of turbulence generation, all small length scales are generated by shear layer instability. The size of small vortices should be determined by the smallest stable shear layer, e.g. smallest shear layer like laminar sub-layer in the wall bounded flow. This paper provides a new estimation of the smallest length scale by using the shear layer stability analysis, which ...

Analytical seismic response of multi-story building supported on base isolation system is investigated under real earthquake motion. The superstructure is idealized as a shear type flexible building with lateral degree-of-freedom at each floor. The force-deformation behaviour of the isolation system is modelled by the bi-linear behaviour which can be effectively used to model all isolation syst...