a Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Canakkale, Turkey b Inönü University, Medical Faculty, Department of Urology, Malatya, Turkey c Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical Faculty, Department of Children Disease, Canakkale, Turkey d Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Canakkale, Turkey e Canakkal...

Introduction Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the differences between male and female from an undifferentiated zygote (fertilised egg). Sex and gender are both important determinants of health. The term “gender” describes those characteristics of females and males that are largely socially created, whereas “sex” encompasses those characteristics that are biologically dete...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Editorial Androgens in health and disease: An overview This special issue of Hormones and Behavior, " Androgens in health an...

Over the past 40 years, gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fish has been studied from histological and physiological viewpoints, for its application in fisheries. The morphological characteristics of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fish were discussed in Section 2, and a summary of sexual processes, such as gonadal sex differentiation and sexual maturation in triploid salmonid fishes...

Arguably the most defining moment in our lives is fertilization, the point at which we inherit either an X or a Y chromosome from our father. The profoundly different journeys of male and female life are thus decided by a genetic coin toss. These differences begin to unfold during fetal development, when the Y-chromosomal Sry ("sex-determining region Y") gene is activated in males and acts as a...

Introduction. The main problem in teaching the processes of gender differentiation during practical classes is that all biochemical and genetically determined are insufficiently covered or detached from accompanying morphological transformations. Often, educational programs consist only topics highlight development a certain sex, avoiding questions - causes transformations.The purpose research ...

Recombination suppression leads to the structural and functional differentiation of sex chromosomes and is thus a crucial step in the process of sex chromosome evolution. Despite extensive theoretical work, the exact processes and mechanisms of recombination suppression and differentiation are not well understood. In threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a different sex chromosome s...