A broadly reactive and highly sensitive reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay to detect salivirus/klassevirus was developed. By means of the developed assay, salivirus/klassevirus was detected in 13 (93%) raw sewage, 4 (29%) secondary-treated sewage, and 9 (16%) river water samples, with a maximum concentration of 9.7 × 10(6) copies/liter.

A study was carried out to determine the effect of water quality on flotation performance. The experimental test work comprised of batch flotation tests using Denver lab cell for a period of 10 minutes. Nine different test runs were carried out in triplicates to ensure reproducibility using different water types from different thickener overflows, return and sewage effluent water (process water...

Abstract—In recent decades with the development of technology and lack of food sources, sewage sludge in production of human foods is inevitable. Various sources of municipal and industrial sewage sludge that is produced can provide the requirement of plant nutrients. Soils in arid, semi-arid climate of central Iran that most affected by water drainage, iron and zinc deficiencies, using of sewa...

A survey was conducted to monitor the influence of city sewage irrigation on the heavy metal build up in soils around Bhopal. Concentration of the heavy metals in effluent was within safe limits. Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid extractable Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the sewage irrigated surface soil ranged 3.5-6.8, 0.15-0.40, 2.56-5.58, 1.59-3.89, 0.45-0.55, 3.5-15.8, 3.6-8....

The role of the water cycle in spreading human pathogenic influenza viruses is poorly studied and is not considered to be significant. However, gastrointestinal symptoms developed in a large proportion of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infected people during the pandemic in 2009 and fecal shedding was reported. This fecal route could potentially play a role in the entry of human pathogenic influ...

water scarcity in iran has worsened as a result of population growth, increasing pollution, poor water management practices, and climate change. using proper utilization and management of wastewater can provide the ability to cope with pollution threats and take the opportunity to benefit from the new sources of water. in this study, the impact of water scarcity on the production and macroecono...

There has been a great deal of international discussion on the nature and relevance of endocrine disrupting compounds in the environment. Changes in reproductive organs of fish and mollusks have been demonstrated in rivers downstream of sewage discharges in Europe and in North America, which have been attributed to estrogenic compounds in the effluent. The anatomical and physiological changes i...

Analysis of soil samples collected from sewage and tube well irrigated soils of Ludhiana, Amritsar Jalandhar and Mandi Gobindgarh, revealed that Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid extractable nickel ( DTPA-Ni) was found to be higher in sewage fed soils. Sewage irrigation increased soil DTPA-Ni content by 3.04 times over the tube well irrigated soils. The content of DTPA-Ni showed decreasing t...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Hepatitis A is highly prevalent in India and mainly presents as a sporadic disease. This study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at Medical College Hospital area, Kottayam, Kerala state, India during January 2005. METHODS Blood (133), faecal (1), sewage (4), and water samples (13) were collected. Sera were tested for IgG- and IgM-anti-HAV and IgM antibodies a...

in order to investigate distribution status of heavy metals in cropping systems of water logging and dry farming, an experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of sari agricultural science and natural resources university. a paddy-soil considered for water logging system and the planted field with vegeta...