In this paper, we propose a new counting scheme for m × n contingency tables. Our scheme is a modification of Dyer and Greenhill’s scheme for two rowed contingency tables [5]. We can estimate not only the sizes of error, but also the sizes of the bias of the number of tables obtained by our scheme, on the assumption that we have an approximate sampler. key words: counting, approximation, #P-com...

The two experiments reported examine the role of temporal contiguity on judgments of contingency in a human analogue of the Pavlovian task. The data show that the effect of the actual delay on contingency judgment depends on the observer's expectation regarding the delay. For a fixed contingency between the cue and the outcome, ratings of the contingency are higher when the actual delay is cong...

The traditional control procedures for Pavlovian conditioning are examined and each is found wanting. Some procedures introduce nonassociative factors not present in the experimental procedure while others transform the excitatory, experimental CS-US contingency into an inhibitory contingency. An alternative control procedure is suggested in which there is no contingency whatsoever between CS a...

A framework is proposed for the investigation of planning systems that must deal with bounded uncertainty. A deenition of this new class of contingency planners is given. A general, complete contingency planning algorithm is described. The algorithm is suitable to many incomplete information games as well as planning situations where the initial state is only partially known. A rich domain is i...

Electrical power grid contingency analysis aims to understand the impact of potential component failures and assess a system’s capability to tolerate them. The computational resources needed to explore all potential x-component failures, for modest sizes of x > 1, is not feasible due to the combinatorial explosion of cases to consider. A common approach for addressing the large workload is to s...

Wildland fire managers have long desired to know the risks of severe fire events well in advance of its happening. A number of actions are available to address severe fire seasons. However, contingency actions have associated costs and timeliness issues. These issues require information about the likelihood of fire occurrence. In this talk we describe a probability model for predicting wildland...

We believe that lifelikeness is important to make it possible for a communication robot to interact naturally with people. In this research we investigate the relationship between contingency and complexity in a lifelike robot. We have developed a robot control system to experimentally control contingency and complexity in interaction by combining a humanoid robot with a motion-capturing system...

Steady state contingency analysis aims at the assessment of the risk certain contingencies may pose to an electrical network. This is a particularly important task of network operators, especially as network stability issues become of prime importance in the current era of electricity deregulation. The article focuses on the analysis of experimental data that are produced through operating poin...

This paper focuses a methodology to determine corrective adjustments in the electric network when the steady state power system equations have no real solution. Generally, this happens if the system is heavily loaded and/or if a severe contingency occurs. The proposed methodology is a version of the Newton optimization method with step length control. The summation of the squared active and rea...

Applied researchers often use tests based on contingency tables in preliminary data analysis and diagnostic testing. We show that many of such tests may be alternatively implemented by testing for coefficient restrictions in linear regression systems (as a rule, employing the Wald test). This unifies the theories of regression analysis and contingency tables, sheds more light on intuitive conte...