In 2012, Xie proposed an authentication scheme based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). However, this paper demonstrates that the Xie's scheme is vulnerable to impersonation at-tack by which an active adversary can easily forge the server's identity. Based on this attack, we also show that the Xie's scheme is also defenceless to off-line password guessin...

This paper introduces several novel load balancing algorithms for distributing Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) requests to a cluster of SIP servers. Our load balancer improves both throughput and response time versus a single node, while exposing a single interface to external clients. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of our system using a cluster of Intel x86 machines ru...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document defines a framework for transcoding with SIP. This framework includes how to discover the need for transcoding services in a session and how to invoke those transcoding services. Two models for transco...

With a strong push from commercial ventures like Microsoft Xbox r © [23] and Sony Playstation r © [15], the multiplayer networked gaming industry continues to grow steadily. Multiplayer games have become an important element of entertainment in the networked age of today, due to their nature of allowing geographically dispersed players to participate in a single game. In order to provide intera...

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as refer...

Overload occurs in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) networks when SIP servers have insufficient resources to handle all SIP messages they receive. Even though the SIP protocol provides a limited overload control mechanism through its 503 (Service Unavailable) response code, SIP servers are still vulnerable to overload. This document discusses models and design considerations for a SIP overload...

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) was developed to control multi-media sessions on the Internet. Shortly after its debut as a standard in 1999, SIP was adopted by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as the preferred signaling protocol for the Internet Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). This adoption provided a boost to the nascent protocol as traditional telecommunication services were i...

"Music on hold" is one of the features of telephone systems that is most desired by buyers of business telephone systems. Music on hold means that when one party to a call has the call "on hold", that party’s telephone provides an audio stream (often music) to be heard by the other party. Architectural features of SIP make it difficult to implement music on hold in a way that is fully standards...

A typical function of a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Proxy is to insert a Record-Route header into initial, dialog-creating requests in order to make subsequent, in-dialog requests pass through it. This header contains a SIP Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) or SIPS (secure SIP) URI indicating where and how the subsequent requests should be sent to reach the proxy. These SIP or SIPS URIs c...

Recent collapses of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) servers indicate that the built-in SIP overload control mechanism cannot mitigate overload effectively. In this paper, we propose a new SIP overload control algorithm by introducing a novel analytical approach to model the dynamic behaviour of a SIP network where each server has a finite buffer. Three key breakthroughs of our modeling approa...