autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that characterized by abnormal bilateral social interaction, deficiency in verbal and nonverbal communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors .autism caused by the inappropriate immune response which released several cytokines. one of the most important and main causes of autism is a defect in, the formation of the neuronal synaptic ...

BACKGROUND Serum progesterone has been advocated as a tool in the diagnosis of early pregnancy failure. We conducted this prospective study in order to investigate the potential value of early (14 days after oocyte recovery) serum progesterone measurement, in women undergoing IVF/ICSI and receiving rectal progesterone supplements, in relation to pregnancy outcome. METHODS 442 women consecutiv...

Evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, the PATHFAST assay system (PATHFAST), for measurement of circulating progesterone in mares was performed. Five mares at the mid-luteal stage were administrated a single i.m. injection of prostaglandin F2α analog (PGF2α; cloprostenol 250 μg/ml), and then blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min, at one-hou...

Background: Aqueous extract of winter cherry (Physalis alkekengi L; family of Solanaceae) fruits (WCF) has long been recommended for fertility control by herbalists in Iran. The effect of this extract on lowering serum progesterone levels has been reported previously. Objective: To study the effects of WCF extract on the activities of ovarian 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) responsible...

the effects of steroid hormones, glucagon and insulin on rat liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (pap) activity were studied both in vitro and in vivo. incubation of rat hepatocytes with each hormone showed that dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea), progesterone and testosterone increase pap activity by 44.6, 37 and 36.9%, respectively. estradiol, however, decreased enzyme activity by 13.6% under the...

INTRODUCTION Progesterone-treated females eat more food, but the mechanism underlying this effect is not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of progesterone on neuropeptide genes expression in rat hypothalamus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experiments were carried out on female and male Wistar rats. Animals were treated with progesterone (100 mg per rat) for 28 days. NPY a...

The effects of steroid hormones, glucagon and insulin on rat liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with each hormone showed that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone and testosterone increase PAP activity by 44.6, 37 and 36.9%, respectively. Estradiol, however, decreased enzyme activity by 13.6% under...

hypokalemic disease is a disorder in which the amount of serum’ s potassium declines and the patient faces limbs weakness. in this disease, eye muscle and respiratory muscles rarely become involved and death may follow due to respiratory paralysis and heart conducting disturbances. since this disease is treatable and progressive weakness can be prevented, therefore in the study conducted we att...

BACKGROUND The influence of elevated serum progesterone levels during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles on pregnancy rates is a matter of continued debate among fertility clinicians. Efforts to resolve this question have been impeded by the various assays used to measure progesterone and the different, arbitrary threshold values for defining 'high' proges...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of progesterone resulting from the application of a progesterone cream to the skin. STUDY DESIGN Six postmenopausal women were evaluated at a university clinic over a 4-week period. RESULTS Transdermal estradiol 0.05 mg was applied 2 days before the first application of progesterone (30 mg/d) and was continued throughout...