We introduce the notions of approximate innerness and central triviality for endomorphisms on separable von Neumann factors, and we characterize them for hyperfinite factors by Connes-Takesaki modules of endomorphisms and modular endomorphisms which are introduced by Izumi. Our result is a generalization of the corresponding result obtained by KawahigashiSutherland-Takesaki in automorphism case.

Let A be a dual Banach algebra with predual A∗ and consider the following assertions: (A) A is Connes-amenable; (B) A has a normal, virtual diagonal; (C) A∗ is an injective A-bimodule. For general A, all that is known is that (B) implies (A) whereas, for von Neumann algebras, (A), (B), and (C) are equivalent. We show that (C) always implies (B) whereas the converse is false for A = M(G) where G...

In this paper, we study the approximate biprojectivity and biflatness of a Banach algebra A find some relations between theses concepts with ?-amenability ? -contractibility, where is character on A. Among other things, show that ?-Lau product L1(G) ?? A(G) approximately biprojective if only G finite, are group Fourier locally compact G, respectively. We also characterize biflat semigroup algeb...

We investigate the higher-dimensional amenability of tensor products A ⊗̂ B of Banach algebras A and B. We prove that the weak bidimension dbw of the tensor product A⊗̂B of Banach algebras A and B with bounded approximate identities satisfies dbwA ⊗̂ B = dbwA+ dbwB. We show that it cannot be extended to arbitrary Banach algebras. For example, for a biflat Banach algebra A which has a left or right...

in this paper among many other things we prove that the topological left amenability and left amenability of a weighted hypergroup (k, ?) are equivalent. for a normal subgroup h of k, we define a weight function ?? on kih and obtain connection between left amenability of (k, ?) and (k|h, ??). let h be a compact subhypergroup of k. we define the weight function on k||h and obtain connection betw...

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An approximation tothe sequential updating of the distribution flocation parameters of a linear time series model is developed for non-normal observations. The behaviour of the resulting non-linear recursive filtering algorithm isexamined and shown to have certain desirable properties for a variety of non-normal error distributions. Illustrative examples are given and relationships with previou...