Debates about poverty relief and foreign aid often hinge on claims about how many poor people there are in the world and what constitutes poverty. Good measures of poverty are essential for addressing the world poverty problem. Measures of poverty require a basis for determining who is poor and a method of aggregation. Historically, the methods of aggregation were quite simple. The headcount in...

There is a vast literature on robust regression estimators, the bulk of which assumes that the dependent (outcome) variable is continuous. Evidently, there are no published results on the impact of tied values in terms of the Type I error probability. A minor goal in this paper to comment generally on problems created by tied values when testing the hypothesis of a zero slope. Simulations indic...

The paper deals with three approaches to comparing the regression lines corresponding to two dependent groups when using a robust estimator. The focus is on the Theil–Sen estimator with some comments about alternative estimators that might be used. The first approach is to test the global hypothesis that the two groups have equal intercepts and slopes in a manner that allows a heteroscedastic e...

The concept of multidimensional poverty has risen to prominence among researchers and policymakers. The compelling writings of Amartya Sen, participatory poverty exercises in many countries, and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) all draw attention to the multiple deprivations suffered by many of the poor and the interconnections among these deprivations. A key task for research has been t...

1Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai; and Scientific Computing Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China 2Department of Mathematics & Statistics, College of Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; and Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 3Department of Applied Mathematics, National S...

Qun Wang 1, Mats Sandberg 2, Yuanyuan Lin 1, Shi Yin 3 ID and Jian Hang 1,* 1 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; [email protected] (Q.W.); [email protected] (Y.L.) 2 Laboratory of Ventilation and Air Quality, University of Gävle, SE-80176 Gävle, Sweden; [email protected] 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kon...

Rafał Demkowicz-Dobrzański, Maciej Lewenstein, Aditi Sen De , Ujjwal Sen, and Dagmar Bruß Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotników 32/44, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland ICREA and ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, E-08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòni...

In traditional economics the decision-making process for individuals currently has effectively no role for ethics, as individuals are self-interested. The key concepts in economics which determine the role of ethics in the decision-making process are utility, rationality and methodological individualism and hence how these can be and are formulated and combined determines different roles for et...