The paper presents ab abstract definition of linear inequality concepts leading to linearly invariant measures and characterizes the class of linear concepts completely. Two general methods of deriving ethical measures are proposed. They imply an Atkinson-Kolm-Sen index and a new dual index reflecting the inequality of living standard. Then all separable social welfare orderings which generate ...

It is well known that the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression estimator is not robust. Many robust regression estimators have been proposed and inferential methods based on these estimators have been derived. However, for two independent groups, let θj (X) be some conditional measure of location for the jth group, given X, based on some robust regression estimator. An issue that has not bee...

The relationship between poverty and mental health is indisputable. However, to have an influence on the next set of sustainable global development goals, we need to understand the causal relationships between social determinants such as poverty, inequality, lack of education and unemployment; thereby clarifying which aspects of poverty are the key drivers of mental illness. Some of the major c...

Sen’s libertarian paradox is ascribed to the inevitable conflict between the Pareto criterion and individuals’ rights to create negative externalities. Finite coalitions can effect exchanges of rights through Coaseian bargains in order to resolve inefficiencies due to local externalities. With a continuum of agents, however, finite coalitions are powerless to affect widespread externalities, ex...

In this study, using the energy momentum definitions of Einstein, Møller, Bergmann-Thomson, Landau-Lifshitz and Papapetrou we compute the total energy-momentum distribution (due to matter and fields including gravitation) of the universe based on general Bianchi type I-III-V-V I0 spacetime and its transforms type I, III, V, V I0 metrics, respectively. The energy-momentum densities are found exa...

Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen 8 University, Guangzhou, China 510080 9 Department of Orthopedics, The 5 Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 10 Zhuhai, China 519000 11 Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension and Renal Diseases, 12 University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA 80010 13 Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and ...

CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere Flagship, Private Bag 1, Vic. 3195, Australia, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Ok...

Epigenetics is a rapidly evolving scientific field of inquiry examining how a wide range of environmental, social, and nutritional exposures can dramatically control how genes are expressed without changing the underlying DNA. Research has demonstrated that epigenetics plays a large role in human development and in disease causation. In a sense, epigenetics blurs the distinction between "nature...

The city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, has sociodemographic characteristics similar to some African cities. Up to now, it has had the highest prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection (1.74%) in the country. To investigate which strains of HTLV-I are circulating in Salvador, we studied isolates from 82 patients infected with HTLV-I: 19 from the general population, 21...