Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system and leaves individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors. HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the blood...

BACKGROUND The effects of seminal plasma on the presence of the cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 in ovarian follicles and follicular fluid were studied shortly after insemination in gilts.Ovaries from gilts were sampled 5-6 h after insemination with either seminal plasma (SP), fresh semen in extender (Beltsville thawing solution, BTS), spermatozoa in e...

The World Health Organization (WHO) has established new reference values for semen characteristics in its 5th edition manual which are lower than those previously reported. Several questions arise after a careful examination of the proposed new values, especially regarding the implications of these references for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. Despite the notable advance of using ...

immune infertility, in terms of reproductive failure, has become a serious health issue involving approximately 1 out of 5 couples at reproductive age. semen that is defined as a complex fluid containing sperm, cellular vesicles and other cells and components, could sensitize the female genital tract. the immune rejection of male semen in the female reproductive tract is explained as the failur...

AIM Objective of the present study was to isolate bovine herpes virus Type 1 (BHV-1) from semen of infected bull and to adapt it onto embryonated eggs and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line. Further, the virus was identified by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen samples were collected from five BHV-1 positive bulls previously confirmed for the presence o...

BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSP) are essential mammalian and bacterial stress proteins. At the cellular level, they act as chaperones, have important regulatory functions, and are considered to be an essential factor for reproduction. Scarce information exists on the role of sensitization to HSP and the potential role in the aetiology of male infertility. METHODS The potential association...

OBJECTIVE To identify racial differences in semen quality among men living in the same geographic area and seeking fertility evaluation. METHODS Men obtaining a semen analysis for infertility evaluation or treatment between 2012 and 2016 at a single center were identified, and demographic data including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and age were described. Mean semen parameters and t...

UNLABELLED To investigate the relationship between Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection and semen quality. METHODS From 2001 to 2003, 346 eligible patients aged 20-45 years were invited from two hospitals in Shanghai, China, to participate in an investigation which included questionnaires about general and reproductive health, an external genital tract examination, UU culture and semen analy...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of cell phone use on various markers of semen quality. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Infertility clinic. PATIENT(S) Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups according to their active cell phone use: group A: no use; group B: <2 h/day; group C: 2-4 h/day; and group D: >4 h/day. INTERVENTION(S) No...

BACKGROUND In order to provide a reference for infertile men, we defined normal values of semen quality in a population of fertile men, using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) before and after sperm separation. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between semen quality and time to pregnancy (TTP). METHODS AND RESULTS Semen samples were obtained from 315 proven fertile men. The...